A clear visualization of the operative field is of critical importance in endoscopic surgery. During surgery the endoscope lens can get fouled by body fluids (eg, blood), ground substance, rinsing fluid, bone dust, or smoke plumes, resulting in visual impairment. As a result, surgeons spend part of the procedure on intermittent cleaning of the endoscope lens. Current cleaning methods that rely ...

purpose : to evaluate the role of orthoptic treatments in the management of intermittent exotropia methods : in a retrospective study, clinical records of patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia were reviewed. patients with basic, convergence insufficiency (ci) and divergence excess (de) types of intermittent exotropia who underwent orthoptic treatments were enrolled. office treatments i...

Although the term precision irrigation is now quite widely used, often to mean drip irrigation, there is no commonly accepted definition or conceptualisation of the term, and no cohesive framework to guide research, development or adoption. This paper is reporting on a review of precision irrigation funded by NPSI. This review is considering the role of current irrigation application technologi...

Equitable distribution of water is a growing source worry, and concerns systems’ managers as water-stressed areas steadily increase situations scarcity are becoming more frequent. The problem goes beyond just the sector globally affects many countries’ economies since resources have multiple uses (i.e., power generation, irrigation, etc.). One various strategies to overcome periods extreme even...

1. Bui DT, Cordeiro PG, Hu QY, Disa JJ, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Free flap reexploration: indications, treatment, and outcomes in 1193 free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:2092–100. 2. Yu JT, Patel AJ, Malata CM. The use of topical vasodilators in microvascular surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:226–8. 3. Yokoyama T, Tosa Y, Kadomatsu K, Sato K, Hosaka Y. A novel approach for prev...

The study was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Regional Station, Comilla, during three rice growing seasons. The experiment consists of six weeding treatments with three replications. The objective of the experiment was to determine an economic weeding method as well as to improve water management practices of paddy rice. The study indicates that the continuous ponding (100±1...

-Water plays an important role in everyday’s life. Agriculture is a backbone of our country and it uses 85% of available fresh water for irrigation. Irrigation is the method of supplying the water to the plants artificially. In India, Farmers follow different irrigation systems to cultivate the crops. The different types of irrigation methods include sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, surfa...

BACKGROUND The need for reoperation or wound infection treatments between pulsatile and gravity irrigation are statistically equivalent, however, it is unclear which method maximizes operative efficiency and expeditious irrigation. In this study we set out to determine the differences in irrigation rate between these various treatment methods. METHODS This was an ex-vivo experimental laborato...

the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood buffer capacity and aerobic power (vo2max) with ability to perform high intensity intermittent activities in young football players. methods: 27 male football players (age 17.66 ±0.49 years) selected as subjects. blood samples were collected before and after the yoyo intermittent test. then, after 48 hours, the bruce trea...