Metallo-β-lactamases (MβL) catalyzing the hydrolytic cleavage of the four-membered β-lactam ring in broad spectrum of antibiotics and therefore inactivating the drug; However, the mechanism of these enzymes is still not well understood. Electronic structure and electronic energy of metallo-β-lactamase active center, two inhibitors of this enzyme including penicillin and cephalexin, and differen...

Since the introduction of binomial state as an intermediate state, di erent intermediate states have been proposed. Di erent nonclassical e ects have also been reported in these intermediate states. But till now higher order antibunching or higher order subpoissonian photon statistics is predicted only in one type of intermediate state, namely shadowed negative binomial state. Recently we have ...

It is experimentally demonstrated that an adiabatic demagnetization-remagnetization in the laboratory frame, where the Zeeman order of abundant nuclei is first adiabatically converted into the dipolar order, and then, into the Zeeman order of rare nuclei, can significantly increase polarization of rare nuclei compared to the conventional cross-polarization technique.

Numerical modelling of beach morphodynamics is generally recognized as a valuable tool for scientists and coastal managers. However, the utility of numerical models is constrained by our ability to establish that the theoretical dynamics match reality. The integrated modules for simulating wave propagation, hydrodynamics and sediment transport in Delft3D, developed by Delft Hydraulics, were app...

Kinesin1 is a motor protein that uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to move intracellular cargoes along microtubules. It contains 2 identical motor domains, or heads, that coordinate their mechano-chemical cycles to move processively along microtubules. The molecular mechanism of coordination between head domains remains unclear, partly because of the lack of structural information on critical...

Among the frustrated magnetic materials, spin-ice stands out as a particularly interesting system. Residual entropy, freezing and glassiness, Kasteleyn transitions and fractionalization of excitations in three dimensions all stem from a simple classical Hamiltonian. But is the usual spin-ice Hamiltonian a correct description of the experimental systems? Here we address this issue by measuring m...

Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a ma...

The FK506-FKBP12 binding-domain of the kinase FRAP (FRB) forms a classic up-down four-helical bundle. The folding pathway of this protein has been investigated using a combination of equilibrium and kinetic studies. The native state of the protein is stable with respect to the unfolded state by some 7 kcal mol(-1) at pH 6.0, 10 degrees C. A kinetic analysis of unfolding and refolding rate const...