We have used photostimulation and whole cell patch-clamp recording techniques to examine local synaptic interactions in slices from the superior colliculus of the tree shrew. Uncaging glutamate 10-75 microm from the somata of neurons in the intermediate gray layer elicited a long-lasting inward current, due to direct activation of glutamate receptors on these neurons, and brief inward currents ...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a preparation of intermediate filaments from trophoblastoma cells were studied for their reactivity pattern during embryonic development and on adult tissue cells. Up to day 12 of embryonic development, epithelial cells of the three germ layers reacted with these mAbs. Later during development and in adult tissues, positive reactions could be observed only w...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of direct restorative composite resin upon the addition of an intermediate glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) layer of various fiber orientations between tooth and particulate filler composite resin (PFRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cavities were prepared both on the mesial and distal surfaces of sixty extracted human molars w...

We experimentally investigate the behaviour of a line-source plume falling through a finite two-layer stratified ambient where the depth of the upper ambient layer increases in time. Laboratory observations suggest one of two possible flow regimes depending on the value of λ, which represents the relative loss of buoyancy experienced by the plume upon crossing the ambient interface. When λ > 1,...

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks consisting of a collection of mobile nodes with no fixed infrastructure, where some intermediate nodes should participate in forwarding data packets. So energy conservation is a critical issue in ad hoc wireless networks for node and network life. This issue is crucial in the design of new routing protocols. To design such protocols, we have...

in the present work, b-zsm-5 zeolite membranes were synthesized on porous tubular α-alumina supports by several subsequence in situ crystallization hydrothermal treatments. the tio2- bohmite and ɣ- alumina intermediate layers were applied to improve the lattice matching between zeolite layer and the support. the uniform membrane intermediate layers with low permeation resistance were prepared o...

BACKGROUND Split- thickness skin graft is one of the most common operations in plastic surgery. It is always painful and patient discomfort from donor site often is more significant than recipient site. There is not still a standard method for treatment of the donor site. The purpose of this study was to determine the best method of dressing the donor site among three different methods with re...

Some models propose that the spatial and temporal distributions of premotor activity in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus are shaped by neuronal ensembles that give rise to local excitatory and distant inhibitory connections. One function proposed for these connections is to mediate a "winner-take-all" network; the short-range excitatory connections build up the activity of neig...

Molecular dynamic simulation is a powerful method that monitors all variations in the atomic level in explicit solvent. By this method we can calculate many chemical and biochemical properties of large scale biological systems. In this work all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of polyalanine (PA) was investigated in the presence of 0.224, 0.448, 0.673, 0.897 and 1.122 M of guanidinium chlorid...