Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an allergic response characterized by type 2 inflammatory reactions mediated T helper cells (Th2). Th2 elevated cytokines related to the humoral response, including Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) a distinguishable form of CRSwNP primary localized disea...

Freshly isolated leukemic cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) produce high levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is suggested to play an important role in thrombocytosis, elevation of C-reactive protein, and hypercalcemia in ATL. In this study, we investigated the effects of T-cell growth factors such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) on IL-6 production by ATL ce...

GVHD: Graft-Versus-Host Disease; HSCT: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; CsA: Cyclosporine; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex; CLIP: Class II Invariant Chain Peptide; IL-2: Interleukin-2; IL-4: Interleukin-4; IL-5: Interleukin-5; IL-10: Interleukin-10; IFN-γ:Interferon-γ; TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor-β; TCR: T-Cell Receptor; SEB: Staphylococcal En...

Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine has an important role Background and Objective: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine has an important role in activation, growth and differentiation of several immune cells. Moreover IL-2 is known as a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral cytokine. In addition deysregulation of IL-2 in some diseases such as ...