The effects of nonperturbative configurations at finite temperature are investigated for a real scalar field theory that exhibits a spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature. In l+l dimensions we find a zero temperature phase transition due to kink-antikink pairs. In 3+1 dimensions we calculate the contribution of bubbles that have an interior region of different vacuum in the equilibri...

In liquid crystal materials, frustration between competing interactions and thermal fluctuation results in the observation of many different phases (up to 5) in a relatively narrow temperature window (usually about 30K). Identifying the interactions as well as finding out the nature of those interactions that stabilize those phases is a very important and interesting question. In this thesis, w...

iran’s registration office which was established with the aim of registering four major life events (birth, death, marriage and divorce) made it clear that it was essential to gather the information on the country’s population and establish an agency in charge of gathering and producing statistics. consequently in 1924 a rule was passed in six articles whereby interior ministry became in charge...

[1] Valley networks, regional drainage patterns suggesting liquid water stability at the surface, are confined to early in the history of Mars (the Noachian/Hesperian boundary and before), prior to a major climate transition to the hyperarid cold conditions of the Amazonian. Several later fluvial valley systems have been documented in specific Hesperian and Early Amazonian environments, and are...

In this article, we look into different texts treating the history of education interior design. Ever since design discipline has started to seek connection with academia, research on its past become a negotiation scene for shared understanding discipline, roots, and current practice. Academic discourse is characterized by need counter perceptions that have pestered in past, hindered process to...

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are commonly used in electric vehicles, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), notebooks and electric cars. These lithium-ion secondary batteries must charge and discharge rapidly, causing the interior temperature to rise quickly, raising a safety issue. Over-charging results in an unstable voltage and current, causing potential safety problems, such as...

About the Author John E. Janssen chaired Standards Project Committee (SPC) 62, which developed ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62–1989, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Qualtiy and also served on the SPC that wrote Standard 62–1981. Until his retirement, he was a principal research fellow at Honeywell. Janssen has authored several Journal articles, including “The V in ASHRAE, An Historical Perspectiv...