The neostriatum is strategically located in the forebrain and receives inputs from all cortical areas. The complexity of the corticostriatal pathways suggest that striatal neurons are in a unique position to process convergent inputs from cortex and through basal ganglia output nuclei control subcortical nuclei and/or contribute to cortical dynamics via the thalamus. The most abundant neuron in...

Discussions of linguistic structure generally accept a distinction between rules of sentence structure and rules of sound structure, but there is very little agreement on further subcategorization beyond this general dichotomy. Indeed, recent discussion in the area of syntax and semantics has been dominated, at least superficially, by the question of whether it is possible and/or desirable to d...

The latest versions of AspectJ, the most popular aspect oriented extension for Java, must cope with the complex changes that occurred in the Java type system, specially with those that introduced type parameters for classes and methods. In this work we study the influence of raw types, i.e. parameterless instantiations of class types, over the semantics of an AspectJ-like language. As a result,...

This paper proposes a calculus for describing communication-centred programming and discusses its application to use cases from real business protocols. The formalism, called global calculus, aims at representing global message flows as structured communications. The global calculus originates from the Choreography Description Language (CDL), a web service description language developed by W3C’...

C. J. Melián ([email protected]), J. Bascompte and P. Jordano, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Apdo. 1056, ES 41080 Sevilla, Spain. CJM and V. Křivan, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Univ. of California at Santa Barbara, 735 State St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. VK also at: Dept of Theoretical Ecology, Inst. of Entomology, Biology Center AS CR, Brani...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

Bisphenol is one of the commercial chemical compounds which finds application in manufacture phenol, polyesters, polycarbonates, epoxy resins, etc. A most commonly found bisphenol derivative, although there are various analogues such as S, B, C, E, AF, vary with their structures. Bisphenols majorly get into us by means food they packaging and beverage containers can be easily absorbed body. The...

Ecological communities are composed of different functional guilds that engaging in multiple types biotic interactions. We explore how ecological networks fare when confronting infectious diseases according to density-dependent (DD) and frequency-dependent (FD) transmission modes. Our model shows network compositions can dictate both disease spreading the relationship between community diversit...