Intracellular insulin may exhibit a long-term effect in regulating protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and gene transcription. However, the intracellular delivery of insulin is a great challenge. Here, we describe how a simple biomineralization modification of insulin can transport it into intact cells on a large scale, leading to a long-term therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus. Using insulin...

The advancements in nanoscience have brought attention to the potential of utilizing nanoparticles as carriers for oral insulin administration. This study aims investigate effectiveness synthesized polymeric mesoporous silica (MSN) and their interactions with IR through in-silico docking. Diabetic rats were treated various MSN samples, including pure MSN, Amin-grafted MSN/PEG/Insulin (AMPI), Al...

The number of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has risen steeply recently exhausting the ability of health care systems to deal with the epidemic. Seventy-five percent of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. The largest populations of diabetics are in China and India, with many of those people living in extreme pover...

Multiple daily injections of insulin for diabetes cause many hazards diabetic patients. Oral noninvasive delivery could be more convenient and less painful than parenteral route. In past decades transdermal iontophoresis had been studied across the skin with or without chemical permeation enhancers. However, results these studies were not efficacious serum levels therapeutically effective. pres...

Objective(s): Injectable insulin is the most widely used therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes which has several disadvantages. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable insulin on diabetes mellitus-related complications in comparison to orally encapsulated insulin nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: This stu...

An insulin delivery system that self-regulates blood glucose levels has the potential to limit hypoglycemic events and improve glycemic control. Glucose-responsive systems have been developed by coupling oxidase with a stimuli-responsive biomaterial. However, challenge of achieving desirable release kinetics (i.e., within minutes after elevation duration on order weeks) still remains. Here, we ...