Relatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. Insulin administration is essential for type 1 patients while it is required at later stage by the patients of type 2. Current insulin delivery systems are available as transdermal injections which may be considered as in...

BACKGROUND Microneedles have previously been used to deliver insulin to animal models, but not in human subjects. This study tested the hypothesis that hollow microneedles can deliver insulin to modulate blood glucose levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes in a minimally invasive manner. METHODS This study was carried out in two adults with type 1 diabetes and evaluated bolus delivery of lis...

Polyelectrolytic complexation has stood out due to its application in the development of drug delivery systems using biopolymers as raw materials. The formation complexes between cashew gum and chitosan can be intermediated by cross-links, mediated action sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent. These polymers have been used nanotechnological formulations protect peptide drugs, such insulin,...

A new type of insulin delivery system capable of better self-regulating the release of insulin was reported in this study. This insulin delivery system was made of a low crosslinked insulin-imprinted hydrogel that exhibited pH-dependent interpolymer interactions between poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). At acidic conditions (such as pH 3.5), this delivery system res...

A glucose-controlled insulin infusion system was used to control blood glucose concentration during labour or caesarean section in six insulin-dependent diabetics. The mean blood glucose concentration during the four hours of labour immediately before delivery was 4.6-5.2 mmol/1 (82.9-93.7 mg/100 ml). Feedback control of insulin delivery by blood glucose concentration should decrease the risk o...

To examine the relationship between net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) and the insulin level and to determine the effects of portal glucose delivery on that relationship, NHGU was evaluated at three different insulin levels in seven 42-h-fasted, conscious dogs during peripheral glucose delivery and during a combination of peripheral and portal glucose delivery. During peripheral glucose delivery...

Insulin is secreted as discrete insulin secretory bursts at ~5-min intervals into the hepatic portal vein, these pulses being attenuated early in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intraportal insulin infusions (pulsatile, constant, or reproducing that in T2DM) indicated that the pattern of pulsatile insulin secretion delivered via the portal vein is important for he...

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in 3-5% of all pregnancies. GDM increases both maternal and fetal risks, causes fetal macrosomia, and hence increases the rates of caesarean sections and delivery complications such as shoulder dystocia. An early predictive marker and consequent early treatment could be beneficial, so amniotic fluid insulin and C-peptide have been examined i...