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I study the limit of a large random economy, where a set of consumers invests in financial instruments engineered by banks, in order to optimize their future consumption. This exercise shows that, even in the ideal case of perfect competition, where full information is available to all market participants, the equilibrium develops a marked vulnerability (or susceptibility) to market imperfectio...

OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the spectrum of available for measurement and evaluation of work-related psychosocial factors. METHODS We systematically searched the literature/internet to identify and describe the main available questionnaires and observational instruments for assessment of work-related psychosocial factors (with/without other job stressors). RESULTS A total of 33 inst...

this paper presents a comprehensive review of the works done, during the 2000–2012, in the application of data mining techniques in credit scoring. yet there isn’t any literature in the field of data mining applications in credit scoring. using a novel research approach, this paper investigates academic and systematic literature review and includes all of the journals in the science direct onli...

The present paper uses a comparison of Japan and the US to argue that the debate about corporate governance reform is best framed in terms of systems of complementary instruments and institutions. It argues that the Japanese and US systems of corporate governance differ along many dimensions, yet can both be understood as efficient combinations of complementary instruments adapted to a particul...

The Electronic Money Directives of the European Union, concerned with the regulation and prudential supervision of electronic money institutions, have now been implemented in the United Kingdom. The implementing provisions are found in a number of disparate legislative instruments. This article identifies the various legislative instruments concerned and articulates the key elements of the regu...

Waste management in the UK has long made extensive use of economic instruments. They take three forms: landfill tax, packaging waste recovery notes and tradeable allowances for biodegradable municipal waste. Whether they are efficient and effective are important questions but so also is whether they are legitimate. This involves consideration of the legitimacy of the institutions that design an...