Volume 31, No. 3, Page 307-313, 2016Page 310, Legend for Fig. 4 IncorrectFig. 4. Growth degree of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae for organic fertilizers at each dilution based on an estimation of the ellipse area (A) and extension length (B) of the colony. Cont, compound inorganic fertilizer; SBM, steamed bone meal; CDC, cow dung compost; MI, microbial inoculant. Values show mean of median...

Recent human population increase has been enabled by a massive expansion of global agricultural production. A key component of this "Green Revolution" has been application of inorganic fertilizers to produce and maintain high crop yields. However, the long-term sustainability of these practices is unclear given the eutrophying effects of fertilizer runoff as well as the reliance of fertilizer p...

In this chapter, we investigate the determinants of inorganic fertilizer use on major cereal crops in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Uganda. By using panel data in the three countries, we estimate the determinants of the fertilizer price and application at the household level and evaluate the fertilizer policies in each country. The determinants of the DAP price and application in Kenya can be mostly exp...

Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions from semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar a...

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound ferti...

A long-term fertilization experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different fertilization practices on nematode community composition within aggregates in a wheat-maize rotation system. The study was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The experiment involved the following four treatments: no fertilizer, inorganic N, P and K fertilizer (NPK), NPK plus manure (NP...

Modeling of the plant growth can be visualized using the approach of Lindenmayer System (L-System). This L-System models the plants growth by following the production rules, which are the combination of grammar and mathematic formulae. In this paper, we propose the use of fuzzy mamdani, to model the plant growth based on the current environment condition. The varied amount of fertilizer, both o...