Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic disease caused by various genospecies of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. To investigate muscle involvement in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of Lyme disease, 16 adult Macaca mulatta animals inoculated with strain N40 of B. burgdorferi sensu strictu by syringe or by tick bite or with strain Pbi of B. burgdorferi genospecies garinii by syringe were studi...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and exhibits high genetic stability in vivo. HTLV-1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) in its pX region. ORF II encodes two proteins, p30(II) and p13(II), both of which are incompletely characterized. p30(II) localizes to the nucleus or nucleolus and has distant homology to the transcription factors Oct-...

The interaction of two gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) pathogens, a nucleopolyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) and a fungus (Entomophaga maimaiga), were studied by assessing mortality among dually inoculated hosts. When fourth and fifth instar gypsy moths were inoculated with a range of doses of LdNPV and a fixed dose of E. maimaiga on the same day, the majority of larvae died from E. maimaiga infections r...

Lettuce and leafy greens have been implicated in multiple foodborne disease outbreaks. This study quantifies cross contamination between lettuce pieces in a small-scale home environment. A five-strain cocktail of relevant Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains was used. Bacterial transfer between single inoculated lettuce leaf pieces to 10 non-inoculated lettuce leaf pieces that were washed in a stai...

Pepper lines L57 and L113 and cv.Pico are inoculated by 1, 5, 10, 25, 75 μg/ml cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in inoculum. Both lines are resistant to the virus and cv.Pico is used as a susceptible control. The lines respond with the development of chlorotic (L57) and necrotic (L113) spots on the inoculated leaf. The virus is established only in the inoculated leaves and their petioles of the resi...

Quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza A viruses. However, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. In this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of pH1N1, swine H1N1 (swH1N1), and avian H3N2 (dkH3N2) influenza viruses in quails was examined. T...

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on growth and photosynthetic pigments in medicinally important Coriandrum sativum with different levels of Cadmium (Cd) was investigated. Plants inoculated with and without AM fungi were grown in soil with 0, 50 and 100 Cd mg kg soil. The plants 1 inoculated with AM fungi showed better growth and less toxic symptoms. Photosynthetic pigments were ...

1. The sera of 80 per cent of the rabbits intravenously inoculated with fixed amounts of heat-killed pneumococci contained agglutinins and all showed protective antibodies. 2. The sera of 60 per cent of the intraperitoneally inoculated rabbits contained agglutinins and all showed protective antibodies. 3. The sera of 33 per cent of the intramuscularly inoculated rabbits contained agglutinins an...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. We previously showed that a novel identified protein, ORF3, was not essential for PCV2 replication in cultured PK15 cells and played a major role in virus-induced apoptosis. To evaluate the role of the ORF3 protein in viral pathogenesis in vivo, we inoculated...

Respiratory symptoms with rotavirus shedding in nasopharyngeal secretions have been reported in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms (Zheng et al., 1991, J. Med. Virol. 34:29-37). To investigate if attenuated and virulent human rotavirus (HRV) strains cause upper respiratory tract infections or viremia in gnotobiotic pigs, we inoculated them with attenuated or virulent HRV intran...