Rare earth elements have been tested in control of plant diseases. Lanthanum (La) was the Alternaria solani (in vitro) and tomato early blight vivo) using concentration 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 0.8 g L-1. In vitro, were diluted V8 culture medium evaluated for mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) pathogen sporulation. vivo, 24 hours after application inoculate inoculation, leaflets collected quantification...

Theoretical advances in the study of institutional change center around a productive paradox. While agents can take strategic action to institutions, institutions display remarkable level formal stability. From this paradox, we expect that attempts are an empirical regularity and many will fail. This article contributes historical institutionalism by analyzing political effects failed on sequen...

EVER SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF THE SMALLPOX INOCULAtion in 18th-century Europe, physicians and patients alike have grappled with questions of individual risk, public health ramifications, and balancing the interests of the individual and the state. Adoption of such a preemptive measure rested historically on a calculation of risk fraught with unknowns and uncertainties; eg, risk of infection vs...

Three studies tested a stereotype inoculation model, which proposed that contact with same-sex experts (advanced peers, professionals, professors) in academic environments involving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) enhances women's self-concept in STEM, attitudes toward STEM, and motivation to pursue STEM careers. Two cross-sectional controlled experiments and 1 longitud...

Abstract False rumors on WhatsApp, the world’s largest messaging app, have led to mob lynching in India and other countries. Doctored videos sent over platform elicited visceral responses among users, resulting wrongful death of innocent people. Would been so strong if false news were circulated text or audio? Is video modality reason for such powerful effects? We explored this question by comp...

The circadian clock is an important determinant of fitness that entrained by local conditions. Aside from abiotic factors, individual pathogenic soil bacteria affect function in plant hosts. Yet, nature, plants interact with diverse microbial communities, and the effect complex communities on remains unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana its wild relative, Boechera stricta, we used rhizosphere inocu...

There is nowadays no single fully satisfactory method for VOC removal from indoor air due to the difficulties linked to the very low concentration (microg m(-3) range), diversity, and variability at which VOCs are typically found in the indoor environment. Although biological methods have shown a certain potential for this purpose, the specific characteristic of indoor air and the indoor air en...

Characterizing the vector competence of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama for 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' the pathogen causing citrus greening, is essential for understanding the epidemiology of this disease that is threatening the U.S. citrus industry. Vector competence studies have been difficult because of the biology of D. citri, the inability to culture the pathogen, and the available dia...

In connection with certain investigations being carried out in this laboratory, it was found necessary to work with sixto twelve-hour cultures of bacteria in fluid culture media. The apparatus described below was devised to obviate the need of either coming to the laboratory late in the evening to inoculate cultures for the following day's work or of wasting time waiting for cultures to grow ou...