Immunodeficiencies reveal the crucial role of the immune system in defending the body against microbial pathogens. Given advances in genomics and other technologies, this is currently best studied in humans who have inherited monogenic diseases. Such investigations have provided insights into how gene products normally function in the natural environment and have opened the door to new, excitin...

Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae of enveloped viruses and are an important cause of respiratory infections worldwide. The influenza virus is able to infect a wide variety species as diverse as poultry, marine, pigs, horses, and humans. Upon infection with influenza virus the innate immunity plays a critical role in efficient and rapid control of viral infections as well a...

The recent advances of quantum biology suggest a potential role in biomedical research. Studies related to electromagnetic fields, proton pumping mitochondrial respiratory chain, theory T-cell receptor (TCR)-degeneracy, theories on biophotons, pyrophosphates or tubulin as possible carriers for neural information, and properties ions protons, might be useful understanding mechanisms some serious...

Introduction Systemic AA amyloidosis is a life-threatening complication of different chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases. The deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from the serum amyloid A (SAA) protein represents its pathological hallmark. A long lasting and increased serum level of SAA is a prerequisite to its development. The group of inherited autoinflammatory diseases includes dif...