Macropores and water flow in soils and substrates are complex and are related to topics like preferential flow, nonequilibrium flow, and dual-continuum. Hence, the quantification of the number of macropores and the determination of their geometry are expected to provide a better understanding on the effects of pores on the soil's physical and hydraulic properties. This exploratory study aimed a...

The paper analyses the selected optical parameters of protective optic filters used for protection of the eyes against hazardous radiation within the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) spectrum range. The indexes characterizing transmission and reflection of optic radiation incident on the filter are compared. As it follows from the completed analysis, the newly developed interference filter...

Over half of solar energy consists of near-infrared and a wide range of preventative mechanisms have been evolutionarily maintained in organisms to protect against effects of near-infrared. However, the biological effects of near-infrared have not been investigated in detail. Despite the essential requirement of a water-filter to imitate solar near-infrared filtered by atmospheric water, previo...

A comment on G. Litscher: Infrared thermography fails to visualize stimulation-induced meridian-like structures. Biomed. Eng. OnLine 2005, 4:38 (15 June 2005), with a response by the author.

Active infrared thermography has been used for the detection of sub surface defects in road materials. The step heating method was selected, and two different infrared cameras selected. Defects were detected with an heating phase as short as 60 seconds. Some images treatments were employed, and have been able to extract signal in spite of the porosity and of the high heterogeneity of a road mat...

The present study using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) examined prefrontal activation associated with maze-solving performance in adult humans. The participants were required to solve a plus-shaped maze, comparable to the one used for pigeons and human children to behaviorally assess planning processes, by moving a target square to a goal square presented on a touch-sensitive screen. The par...

Visible/near-infraredlaser-induced difference spectroscopy basedon a time-domain terahertz system has beendeveloped, and used to study copperpathancyonine. We find that the absorptionpeak of this molecule at 1.08 THz changessignificantly under 790 nm laserexcitation, suggesting that we haveobserved the first evidence of vibrationalmode changes in the THz range induced byvisible/near-infrared li...

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a fundamental technique capable to characterize proteins and to investigate their conformation and dynamics in real physiological environments. Actually, a FTIR spectrum is characterized by many features, which may be correlated to the different components of the protein structure. In the last decade many relevant results have been achieved with...

Infrared spectroscopy is one of the oldest and well established experimental techniques for the analysis of secondary structure of polypeptides and proteins. It is convenient, non-destructive, requires less sample preparation, and can be used under a wide variety of conditions. This review introduces the recent developments in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique and its app...

The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of neurophotonics, a recently founded discipline lying at the interface between optics and neuroscience. While neurophotonics also includes invasive techniques for animal studies, in this review we focus only on the non-invasive methods that use near infrared light to probe functional activity in the brain, namely the fast optical signal...