regarding iranian old cities, neighborhood has been a real place to live, a space for social interaction as well as economic activities. the concept of neighborhood has always been accompanied with senses of well-being, security and identity. in parallel with urban developments and changing lifestyles, neighborhoods have also faced the significant changes. in tehran as the capital, the changes ...

In the last 50 years the shape of cities has changed dramatically. People have started to migrate from rural areas, attracted by the opportunities created by a more dynamic economy and by the apparent easier life within the cities. This trend has been observed in Europe during the whole 20th century, but has now considerably slowed down, to the benefit of smaller urban centres, which have grown...

There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this peri...

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The early post-discharge period is a vulnerable time for older patients with complex care requirements. This paper identifies factors predicting a self-reported successful post-discharge outcome for patients aged 80 years and over by exploring factors related to the discharge process, the provision of formal home-care services, informal care and characteristics of th...

This paper explores the use of social awareness support as a potential solution to alleviate informal care al, and emotional load habitually associated with their duties. This is a preliminary contribution of the Vienna University of Technology to TOPIC project that is currently under development. In this paper we report on relevant literature, identify and consider technological and interactio...

Families provide a considerable amount of informal care and support for older adults living with dementia. And when an older adult with dementia is hospitalized, family caregivers should be seen as important sources of information and included as valuable members of the health care team. This article describes a best-practice approach to working with families and includes recommendations for us...

background informal payments for health care, which are common in many countries, can have negative effects on health care access, equity and health status as they lead people to forgo or delay seeking care, or to sell assets to pay for care. many countries are putting reforms in place with the aim of reducing informal payments. in order to be successful, such policies should be informed by the...

background and objectives: informal payment in the health settings is a significant challenge facing the health system, with consequences such as inequity in access to healthcare services, distrust to health care system, and dissatisfied customers. detailed identification of the nature of the problem is perquisite to developing relevant overcoming strategies. given that, this study aimed at pro...