• Changes in health behavior because of COVID-19 may invalidate CDC flu data. This survey 5385 U.S. adults shows far higher flu-like illnesses than expected. data supports the use collected during pandemic. The Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) can indicate presence novel, widespread community pathogens. Comparing week-to-week reported influenza-like illness percentages ident...

PURPOSE To assess the utility of "influenza-like illness" (ILI) and whether it appropriately tests influenza vaccine effectiveness. PRINCIPAL RESULTS The WHO and CDC definitions of "influenza-like illness" are similar. However many studies use other definitions, some not specifying a temperature and requiring specific respiratory and/or systemic symptoms, making many samples non-comparable. M...

The United States experienced a severe and prolonged influenza season between October 2012 and April 2013. Influenza A (H3N2), influenza A (H1N1), and influenza B viruses co-circulated. Compared with recent influenza seasons, this season had a higher percentage of outpatient and Emergency Department (ED) visits for influenza-like illness (ILI), higher rates of hospitalizations, and more deaths....

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of influenza vaccine in nursing homes and its effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of influenza-like illness. DESIGN A retrospective case-control study with active identification of influenza infection. SETTING All nursing homes in a seven-county study area in southern lower Michigan were eligible for participation. Analyses were based on data collected fr...

BACKGROUND Influenza vaccine composition is reevaluated each year due to the frequency and accumulation of genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo. The beginning of the 2016-2017 influenza surveillance period in Israel has been marked by the dominance of influenza A(H3N2). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the type, subtype, genetic evolution and amino acid substitutions of influenza A(H3N2) viru...

Objective To characterise the complete case series of influenza A/H7N9 infections as of 27 May 2013, detected by China’s national sentinel surveillance system for influenza-like illness.

background: influenza virus is a major infectious pathogen of the respiratory system causing a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. the worldwide vaccines are decided and produced annually by world health organization and licensed companies based on the samples collected from all over the world. the aim of this study was to determine phylogenecity and heterogenecity of the circulati...

Up to 10% of individuals present influenza-like illness each year. Neuraminidase inhibitors significantly reduce the median duration of influenza symptoms by 1.38 days and median time to return to normal activities by 0.9 days in adults. This review presents the economic evaluations of neuraminidase inhibitors in adults. The choice of key parameter estimates in cost-effectiveness and cost-benef...

A prospective study was conducted to find the incidence and clinical manifestations of influenza in 201 nurse assistant students of Faculty of Tropical Medicine during June 1998 to May 1999. There were 106 episodes of influenza-like illness (incidence 52.7%) of which only 33% were proven to be influenza (incidence 17.4%). Main clinical manifestations of influenza included headache, fever, malai...

We defined a cohort of people with major chronic conditions (152,585 subjects) in Navarre, Spain, using electronic records from physicians, to obtain 2010/11 mid-season estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness. The adjusted estimates of the effectiveness of the 2010/11 trivalent influenza vaccine were 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20–40%) in preventing medically attended influenza-like...