Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with sulfasalazine (SSZ) extensively used for long-term treatment of both juvenile and adult RA. Its use associated adverse effects toxicity due to its non-selective biodistribution. Macrophages play an important role in processes. In order target SSZ macrophages this work two microparticulate systems (MPs) are developed: SSZ-loaded PL...

Multiple types of mediators and signaling pathways can trigger inflammatory responses. For example, interleukins are cytokines which regulate inflammatory responses and are accountable for the communication between leukocytes. Other examples are chemokines, small cytokines promoting chemotaxis, and interferons having antiviral effects. Additionally, these molecules are implicated in both innate...

Tuberculosis is a global health problem with total of 1.4 million cases in 2015. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated potential role gut-lung axis treatment tuberculosis. The exact mechanism on tuberculosis still unknown, however modulation can be performed via probiotic administration. administered probiotics are capable inducing an immunomodulating effect which helps proces...

The most prevalent form of chronic dermatophytoses causing pathogenic fungus in humans is Trichophyton rubrum. Keratinocytes, the main epidermal cells, are crucial local immune interactions because they represent first line defense against microbial assaults, skin In response to varied stimuli, keratinocytes express a wide range receptors and create host peptides, cytokines, chemokines, this im...

The process of wound healing can be divided into substrate, proliferative, and remodeling phases. The basic biologic and physiologic events which transpire during these stages are examined in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the interactions between platelets, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in the healing wound. Recent advances in the roles played by interleu...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding what happens at a cellular level will lead to more effective treatments. Interleukins and transforming growth factor-beta are important inflammatory mediators that may be significant in the evolution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Mortality and disability rates in spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages remain high despite medical advances. In recent decades, much attention has been paid to neuroinflammation as a typical response brain damage. Inflammation plays an important role the acute chronic phases of disease. The relationship between plasma cerebrospinal fluid cytokines, well factors affecting their ratios, is curren...

background one of the main components involving in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis and septic shock is natriuretic peptide. hemodynamic changes in sepsis or septic shock might explain increased plasma levels of these peptides circulations. objectives the present study aimed to assess the value of brain natriuretic peptide (bnp) in prediction of sepsis state and its related morbidity. w...

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukins such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β in Jaagsiekte sheep by immunohistochemical methods. way, will be revealed whether are effective progression how useful they diagnosis disease. 
 Material-Method: The material current study consisted lung tissues 26 (Control, n=6 Jaagsiekte, n=20) brought Department Pathology ...

According to many studies, inflammation plays a very significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Many studies have demonstrated an increase circulating levels inflammatory markers and cytokines such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukins. protein is produced liver response stimulation by various cytokines, mainly interleukin-6, member pentraxin superfami...