Several important nematode parasites have been found to express members of a gene family variously termed as venom allergen antigen homologue (vah) or Ancylostoma secreted protein (asp). In some cases these products are secreted by infective larval stages and have been suggested to be effective vaccine immunogens. We isolated the corresponding gene from the human filarial nematode, Brugia malay...

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a family of stress-inducible molecular chaperones that play multiple roles in a wide variety of animals. However, the roles of Hsps in parasitic nematodes remain largely unknown. To elucidate the roles of Hsps in the survival and longevity of nematodes, particularly at the 2 most critical stages in their lifecycle, the infective-L3 stage and adult stage, which is s...

T-cell proliferative responses were studied in two villages in Gabon with different levels of Loa loa transmission. The first village (Okoumbi) had an annual transmission potential (ATP) of approximately 9,000 infective larvae (L3)/person/year (high transmission village), while the second village (Ndjokaye) had an ATP of approximately 1,000 L3/person/year (low transmission village). Proliferati...

We investigated the effect of bovine anamnestic immunity on a range of parasitological variables. To this end, calves were primed with a single oral dose of 30000 or 100000 infective larvae (L3) of Cooperia oncophora, drenched with anthelmintic, maintained worm free in the following 2.5 months and subsequently re-infected with 100000 L3. Parasitological profiles of low, intermediate, and high r...

Lung-dwelling females of Rhabdias (Rhabdiasidae), and possible migrating ceolomic young females were searched for in 46 chameleons, belonging to seven species. Rhabdias chamaeleonis, the single species identified to date in Africa, was found in Chamaeleo (Trioceros) johnstoni and C. (T.) hoehnelii, and redescribed; the sizes of the buccal capsule and oesophagus were stable compared to the lengt...

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are important biological control agents of insect pests. Strains or isolates obtained in specific regions and utilized situ might contribute to the success EPNs, since they adapted local abiotic conditions. We isolated identified three each Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) from soils at Saltillo, Coahuila State, Mexico. Thes...

Animals developing in the wild encounter a range of environmental conditions, and so developmental mechanisms have evolved that can accommodate different environmental contingencies. Harsh environmental conditions cause Caenorhabditis elegans larvae to arrest as stress-resistant "dauer" larvae after the second larval stage (L2), thereby indefinitely postponing L3 cell fates. HBL-1 is a key tran...

Anisakis third-stage larvae (L3) is moderately tolerant to heat and, mitigate the risk of live L3 intake in cooked seafood, it important define with precision at which point after treatment parasite no longer infective. We aimed find thermal patterns that allowed classify fish sandwiches spiked into “low” (100% probability mortality), “intermediate” and “high” groups. For that, experiments vary...

Two experimental assays (A and B) evaluated the action of conidia of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Artrhobotrys robusta (I-31) against infective larvae (L3) of Oesophagostomum spp in 2% water-agar (2%WA) medium and coprocultures. The first assay consisted of three groups of 1000 Oesophagostomum L3 treated with 1000 conidia of isolates A...