The fact that adenoviral vectors activate innate immunity and induce type I IFNs has not been fully appreciated in the context of cancer gene therapy. Type I IFNs influence different aspects of human immune response and are believed to be crucial for efficient tumor rejection. We performed transcriptional profiling to characterize the response of cutaneous lymphomas to intralesional adenovirus-...

Melanoma cells commonly express MHC class II molecules constitutively. This is a rare, or possibly unique, phenotype for a nonprofessional antigen-presenting cell, where MHC class II expression ordinarily occurs only after IFN-gamma treatment. Despite the fact that constitutive expression of MHC class II on melanoma cells has been observed for decades and that the regulation of the MHC class II...

INTRODUCTION Type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible genes and their inducible products are upregulated in dermatomyositis muscle. Of these, IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the most upregulated, suggesting its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. To test this postulate, we developed a model of type 1 IFN mediated myotube toxicity and assessed whether or not downregulatio...

On recognition of influenza virus (Flu) by TLR7, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I IFN in significant amounts. Synthetic TLR7 ligands induce the maturation of pDCs, as evidenced by the expression of costimulatory molecules and the production of proinflammatory cytokines; however, they induce only low-level production of IFN-alpha. To dissect the TLR7 signaling in pDCs and how t...

Trophoblast cells (TBCs) form the blastocyst-derived component of the placenta and play essential roles in fetal maintenance. The proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma plays a central role in activating cellular immunity, controlling cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. IFN-gamma is secreted by uterine NK cells in the placenta during pregnancy and in mice is required for proper formation of...

PURPOSE Studies have shown that interferon (IFN)-gamma stimulates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, interleukin (IL)-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and inhibits replication of Toxoplasma gondii in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms...

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) transcription factor binds to DNA sequence elements found in the promoters of type I IFN and IFN-inducible genes. Transient up-regulation of the IRF-1 gene by virus and IFN treatment causes the consequent induction of many IFN-inducible genes involved in cell growth control and apoptosis. We reported recently that IFN-alpha and all-trans retinoic Acid (RA)...

BACKGROUND Activation of circulating monocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes may reflect exposure to bacterial products or stimulation by cytokines such as IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma induces phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor STAT-1, which initiates a specific program of gene induction. To explore whether monocyte activation is IFN-gamma driven, patients wit...

Recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) can induce a hematologic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, some patients are resistant and others develop late resistance to the IFN-alpha treatment. To understand the molecular mechanism of this resistance, we have analyzed the expression of 10 IFN-inducible genes in the cells of three resistant patients, two responsive...

background macrophages play critical roles in innate immune response in the liver. whether macrophages participate in liver innate immunity against hcv replication is poorly understood objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in liver innate immunity against hcv replication. conclusions macrophages may play an important role in liver innate immunity against hc...