Three patients in whom difficult tracheal intubation was expected but awake fibreoptic intubation was not feasible presented for head and neck surgery. Anaesthesia was induced rapidly and smoothly by inhalation of sevoflurane followed by fibreoptic or conventional tracheal intubation.

in this study the effect of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on stress-induced gastric damage was evaluated in bile duel ligated, sham operated and unoperated rats. animals were injected intraperitoneally with ng-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-name), 40 mglkg, l-argininc, 200 mg/kg or saline, 30 min before water-immersion stress. one hour after water immersion, the animals were killed and the...

Background Tracheal stent is a good way to maintain a patent airway in case of stenosis. Although anesthesia techniques for the placement of a stent in the trachea of patients with tracheal stenosis have been reported, the management of general anesthesia in patients with a tracheal stent is not well established. Case presentation We report the anesthetic management in the patient with a part...

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be synthesized from l-arginine in a reaction catalyzed by NO synthase. Liver cytochrome P-450 enzymes also catalyze the oxidative cleavage of CN bonds of compounds containing a -C(NH2)NOH function, producing NO in vitro. The present study was designed to investigate whether there was evidence of a similar pathway for the production of NO in tracheal smooth muscle...

We report a rare case of acquired membranous tracheal stenosis in a patient with anorexia nervosa and a history of self-induced vomiting, but without a history of tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. A 50-year-old woman presented with difficulty in breathing and swallowing, self-expectoration, and impaired consciousness due to acute benzodiazepine intoxication. Bronchoscopic examination was per...

Combined therapy with clarithromycin (CLTR) and N–acetyl cysteine (NAC) may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition such as pulmonary fibrosis. Activated inflammatory cells which accumulate in the lower airways may release increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when accompanied with a deficiency in glut...

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure that is becoming the method of choice in critically ill patients whenever prolonged airway secure and/or ventilation support is needed. Although adverse events are relatively uncommon, serious life threatening complications can arise from this bedside procedure. We report a case of a 70-year-old female who developed extensive...

III Einstein International Symposium on Intensive Care and the XXX Mechanical Ventilation. Aug 16-18, 2023. Category: Pneumology Introduction: About 35% of patients admitted to Units (ICU) require mechanical ventilation. Prolonged ventilation predisposes increased risks MV- associated pneumonia, tracheal ischemia, lung damage, diaphragmatic dysfunction. Such problems increase risk mortality com...

The discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC) is a breathing pattern displayed by many insects, characterized by periodic breath-holding and intermittently low tracheal O(2) levels. It has been hypothesized that the adaptive value of DGCs is to reduce oxidative damage, with low tracheal O(2) partial pressures (PO(2) ≈ 2-5 kPa) occurring to reduce the production of oxygen free radicals. If this is ...

The aim of this chapter is to describe the different conditions leading a tracheal injury with focus on those occurring in clinical setting thyroid surgery. Tracheal can be classified as traumatic or iatrogenic during surgery, endotracheal intubation, bronchoscopy. damage rare complication thyroidectomy and more frequently observed advanced cancer invading airways. Respiratory distress, mediast...