If the photoreceptors of a colour vision system are polarization sensitive, the system detects polarization-induced false colours. Based on the functional similarities between polarization vision and colour vision, earlier it was believed that a uniformly polarization-sensitive (insect) retina (UPSR)-in which receptors of all spectral types have the same polarization sensitivity ratio and micro...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We have recently shown that macrophage polarization may alter the pathogenesis and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, a practical approach to modulate macrophage polarization in vivo is so far not available. In the current study, we aimed to use tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) to regulate macrophage polarization in vitro a...

Almost all electronic devices utilize a pn junction formed by random doping of donor and acceptor impurity atoms. We developed a fundamentally new type of pn junction not formed by impurity-doping, but rather by grading the composition of a semiconductor nanowire resulting in alternating p and n conducting regions due to polarization charge. By linearly grading AlGaN nanowires from 0% to 100% a...

The relative contribution to cytotoxicity of each of the multiple NK cell activation receptors has been difficult to assess. Using Drosophila insect cells, which express ligands of human NK cell receptors, we show that target cell lysis by resting NK cells is controlled by different receptor signals for cytolytic granule polarization and degranulation. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 o...

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is a metabolic regulator that plays an important role in immunologic responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that HIF1α participates in the M1 polarization of macrophages. To clarify the mechanism of HIF1α-induced polarization of M1 macrophage, myeloid-specific HIF1α overexpression (Lysm HIF1α lsl) mice were employed and the bone marrow-derived and perito...

Voltage-clamped squid giant axons, perfused internally and externally with solutions containing 10(-5) M dipicrylamine (DpA-), show very large polarization currents (greater than or equal to 1 mA/cm2) in response to voltage steps. The induced polarization currents are shown in the frequency domain as a very large voltage-and frequency-dependent capacitance that can be fit by single Debye-type r...

The Tec family kinase Itk is an important regulator of Ca(2+) mobilization and is required for in vivo responses to Th2-inducing agents. Recent data also implicate Itk in TCR-induced regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We have evaluated the requirements for Itk function in TCR-induced actin polarization. Reduction of Itk expression via small interfering RNA treatment of the Jurkat human T lym...

Strained InGaN layers grown on a c-plane sapphire is known to have strong spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization field, where the discontinuity of polarization at heterojunction is to induce bounded surface charges [1]. This polarization-related phenomenon can affect the internal electric field of active region and induce the quantum-confined stark effect (QCSE) at quantum well. QCSE result...

Results for recoil nucleon induced polarization for (e, e~p) are presented using various approximations for the relativistic nucleonic current, at the kinematics of a recent experiment at Bates. We see that the dynamical relativistic effects improve the agreement with the data. We make predictions for the induced normal polarization and responses for TJNAF 89-033 and Mainz A1/2-93 experiments.