This paper discusses the results of a 3-day short course in spindle stage techniques recently offered at the McCrone Research Institute. The 14 students enrolled had levels of experience with spindle stage and optical crystallography which varied from novice to expert, but all were soon able to collect research quality crystallographic data on crystals less than 100 μm using a simple, home-made...

The anisotropy of thermal lensing and the photo-elastic effect is characterized for diode-pumped Nd:KGd(WO4)2 crystals cut along the Np and Ng optical indicatrix axes and along its optical axis, O = Ng+43°, at a laser wavelength of 1067 nm. Distortions in the spatial profile of output laser beam are analyzed. The thermal lens is astigmatic; the orientation of its principal meridional planes, A ...

The values of the principal indices of reftaction determine the properties of the optical indicatrix. The directions of the ray paths associaGd with a wave normal ultimately alepend on the indices of refraction. The directions of the wave normal and ray paths need not coincide in anisotropic media. To find a ray path for a given wave normal, two items of information must be extracted from the p...

the time-optimal trajectory for an airplane from some starting point to some final point is studied by many authors. here, we consider the extension of robot planer motion of dubins model in three dimensional spaces. in this model, the system has independent bounded control over both the altitude velocity and the turning rate of airplane movement in a non-obstacle space. here, in this paper a g...