The effect of mustard leaf on nitric oxide (NO) production was investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. LPS induced the production of a large amount of nitrite, an indicator of NO. However, the addition of the ethylacetate (EtOAc) or n-butanol (BuOH) fraction of mustard leaf to LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages inhibited excessive production of nitrite ...

Leaf out time is a widely used indicator of climate change and represents a critical transition point of annual seasonality in most temperate ecosystems. We compared three sources of data to determine the effect of spring temperature on tree leaf out: field observations, remotely sensed satellite data, and experimental warming. All three methods recorded earlier leaf out with warmer spring temp...

Arthropods at the surface of plants live in particular microclimatic conditions that can differ from atmospheric conditions. The temperature of plant leaves can deviate from air temperature, and leaf temperature influences the eco-physiology of small insects. The activity of insects feeding on leaf tissues, may, however, induce changes in leaf surface temperatures, but this effect was only rare...

The localization of metabolites on plant surfaces has been problematic because of the limitations of current methodologies. Attempts to localize glucosinolates, the sulfur-rich defense compounds of the order Brassicales, on leaf surfaces have given many contradictory results depending on the method employed. Here we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) mass spectromet...

"Microscopic leaf wetness" means minute amounts of persistent liquid water on leaf surfaces which are invisible to the naked eye. The water is mainly maintained by transpired water vapor condensing onto the leaf surface and to attached leaf surface particles. With an estimated average thickness of less than 1 μm, microscopic leaf wetness is about two orders of magnitude thinner than morning dew...

This paper proposes a novel type of random forests called a denoising random forests that are robust against noises contained in test samples. Such noise-corrupted samples cause serious damage to the estimation performances of random forests, since unexpected child nodes are often selected and the leaf nodes that the input sample reaches are sometimes far from those for a clean sample. Our main...

numerous date palm orchards in south kerman, iran were investigated during 2001-2003. symptoms of leaf die-back appeared as light brown stripes which began at leaf tips and extended to leaf ends. infected tissues were surface sterilized with 0.05% sodium hypochlorite and, plated on pda medium. isolated fungi were purified using hyphal tip method. on pda medium, fungal colony was fluffy, first c...