A recent trend in routing research is the use of overlay routing to improve end-to-end QoS without changing the network-level architecture. The key of this technology is to find an alternative route that can avoid congested routes, using an overlay network. Developing costefficient overlay routing in terms of calculation cost and information distribution cost needed to find an alternative route...

In double patterning lithography (DPL), overlay error between two patterning steps at the same layer translates into CD variability. Since CD uniformity budget is very tight, overlay control becomes a tough challenge for DPL. In this paper, we electrically evaluate overlay error for BEOL DPL with the goal of studying relative effects of different overlay sources and interactions of overlay cont...

The protocol described in this paper builds and maintains an overlay topology on top of an ad hoc network. The overlay is intended to be used by a routing application. As flooding is a key component of many route discovery mechanisms in MANETs, we evaluate the delivery percentage, bandwidth consumption and time duration of flooding a message on the overlay. We also consider the overlay path str...

We consider the problem of collaborative search across a large number of digital libraries and query routing strategies in a peerto-peer (P2P) environment. Both digital libraries and users are equally viewed as peers and, thus, as part of the P2P network. Our system provides a versatile platform for a scalable search engine combining local index structures of autonomous peers with a global dire...

The emergence of application-layer overlay networks has inspired the development of new network services and applications. Research on overlay networks has focused on the design of protocols to maintain and forward data in an overlay network, however, less attention has been given to the software development process of building application programs in such an environment. Clearly, the complexit...

Application-layer multicast supports group applications without the need for a network-layer multicast protocol. Here, applications arrange themselves in a logical overlay network and transfer data within the overlay. In this paper, we present an application-layer multicast solution that uses a Delaunay triangulation as an overlay network topology. An advantage of using a Delaunay triangulation...

There are no established opinions concerning whether the amount of tissue affects the accuracy of histological analyses in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the appropriate amount of tissue sample needed for mitotic count based on the risk classification of GISTs and the Ki-67 index using the following three methods: endoscopic ultrasound-g...

Tangerang Regency has an economic structure dominated by the industrial sector. Population distribution, settlement location and influenced land use patterns regional development levels in Regency. The objectives of this research are: to analyze level inequality factors that influence development; typology; evaluate consistency with Spatial Planning; formulate direction plan. method used are sc...