Yields of total fixed nitrogen and nitrogen fractions are summarized for thirty-one watersheds in which anthropogenic disturbance of the nitrogen cycle, either through land use or atmospheric deposition, is negligible or slight. These yields are taken as representative of background conditions over a broad range of watershed areas, elevations, and vegetation types. The data set focuses on water...

runoff estimation resulted from precipitation is the basis of more study in various develop and exploit design from water resource, then its measure and calculation due to environmental bottlenecks, always have a plenty problem. as a result of the importance of output runoff estimation and flood volume in watershed for the sake of country integrated watershed management in this study tried to 9...

As urbanization increases, urban runoff becomes an increasingly more important component of urban non-point pollution. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model was used to simulate the quantity and quality of runoff in a highly urbanized catchment. Data from three rainfall events were collected and used for model calibration and validation. Model performance was assessed using the Nash-S...

Uncertainties associated with the representation of various physical processes in global climate models (GCMs) mean that, when projections from GCMs are used in climate change impact studies, the uncertainty propagates through to the impact estimates. A complete treatment of this 'climate model structural uncertainty' is necessary so that decision-makers are presented with an uncertainty range ...

While governments and individuals strive to maintain the availability of high-quality water resources, many factors can "change the landscape" of water availability and quality, including drought, climate change, saltwater intrusion, aquifer depletion, population increases, and policy changes. Specialty crop producers, including nursery and greenhouse container operations, rely heavily on avail...

a quantitative evaluation of the effects of contamination of soil with petroleum, on thesoil physical properties, is required for optimal soil and water resources management. theobjective followed in the present study was to investigate runoff generation in soilscontaminated with kerosene and gas oil. towards this end, variables of runoffcommencement, runoff coefficient, variations in runoff du...

due to the importance of the role of land use changes on runoff changes, several studies have taken place to develop models with simulating land use changes. in this study, the l-thia model was used for estimating the runoff made by land use changes in chalousrud watershed. results of runoff modeling using l-thia model showed that runoff depth increased from 422.98mm to 809.168mm during 1984 to...

in this research introduced the lapsus model as a runoff, erosion and sediment model in iran. this model for the first time has operatedin iran at kakhk paired catchment of gonabad. lapsus model is a landscape evolution model that can estimate the runoff, erosion and sediment at the four stage include: calculate the effective rainfall, runoff routing, calculate the capacity of sediment transpor...

Blanket peat covers the headwaters of many major European rivers. Runoff production in upland blanket peat catchments is flashy with large flood peaks and short lag times; there is minimal baseflow. Little is known about the exact processes of infiltration and runoff generation within these upland headwaters. This paper presents results from a set of rainfall simulation experiments performed on...

[1] Runoff generation in Alpine regions is typically affected by snow processes. Snow accumulation, storage, redistribution, and ablation control the availability of water. In this study, several robust parameterizations describing snow processes in Alpine environments were implemented in a fully distributed, physically based hydrological model. Snow cover development is simulated using differe...