We performed numerical simulations on an extremely fast, mediated, electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic reaction using a microband electrode. The simulations under fast-enzyme-kinetics conditions predicted that the decrement of the current density by increaseing the microband thickness would effectively improve the upper limit of detection. These predictions were accurate for an ultrathin...

Leaf characteristics of mature 2, 3 and 4-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) leaves on fruiting and non-fruiting (NF) plants were studied. Leaflets of the 2-year-old plants had the lowest fresh and dry weight, area, volume and internal gas volume. Inflorescence removal in 3-year-old plants did not affect leaf characteristics or ginsenoside concentration but in 4-yearold pl...

background: scuba divers work in high pressure conditions which may cause some changes in physiological status to adapt to this situation. in this study, the carotid intima-media thickness (cimt) was assessed in divers as a risk factor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders. methods: this historical cohort study was performed on 16 male professional scuba divers as case group and 30 he...

In sclerophylls, photosynthesis is particularly strongly limited by mesophyll diffusion resistance from substomatal cavities to chloroplasts (r(m)), but the controls on diffusion limits by integral leaf variables such as leaf thickness, density, and dry mass per unit area and by the individual steps along the diffusion pathway are imperfectly understood. To gain insight into the determinants of...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to have many unique physical and chemical properties. Because of these features, they accelerate the germination process, root growth, and photosynthesis rate that can result in increased crop productivity. In the present study, the effects of 4 multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) levels including 0 (control), 50 (low concentration), 100 (moderate concentrat...

Ferns usually have relatively lower photosynthetic potential than angiosperms. However, it is unclear whether low photosynthetic potential of ferns is linked to leaf water supply. We hypothesized that there is an evolutionary association of leaf water transport capacity with photosynthesis and stomatal density in ferns. In the present study, a series of functional traits relating to leaf anatom...

In some conifers, shoot geometry and needle morphology vary significantly in response to the light conditions under which they develop. We measured shoot length, silhouette area, total projected needle area, total needle weight and needle thickness on current shoots developed under a wide range of light conditions in a 36-year-old Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes stand. Current light was quantifi...

Cuttings from a single American sycamore clone were rooted and grown under four levels of artificial shade: 27, 45, 72 and 100 percent of full sunlight to learn more about the ecological role of this species in deciduous forests of the Southern Appalachians. After 132 days, leaf angle, leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal frequency and size, and dry matter production of the leaves, stem, and roo...

Abstract The results showed that foliar fertilization with potassium silicate had a clear effect on increasing the thickness of upper and lower epidermal cuticle layer increased leaf, as after first spray reached 22 microns 11 microns, leaf 194.8 microns. As for second spray, 198.66, 25.33, 16.66 third was characterized by an increase in compared to 206.66 epidermis 28.33 19 respectively. Compa...

The anatomical and morphological leaf traits as well as leaf inclination and orientation per different leaf age cohort of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia and Cistus incanus growing in the Mediterranean maquis along Rome’s coast-line (Italy) were investigated. Specific leaf weight (SLW), total leaf thickness (L), leaf density index and leaf inclination (a) changed according to leaf age. The ma...