The classification of waste is complex. Once detailed chemical composition, and in some cases speciation testing has been completed, the chemicals present are checked either as hazardous or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, characterisation data can be used to support onward management wastes, including wastes. A process flowchart compiled using from twelve streams. Specifically, f...

A simplified procedure is developed to consider the azimuthal orientation of buildings when estimating seismic risk. Two square-plan reinforced concrete building models are considered as a testbed, one with similar and dissimilar properties along two principal horizontal axes. The fragility both structures analysed using set ground motion records rotated multiple incidence angles develop orient...