Humanism in modern western civilization is a fundamental idea. Underlying root, perhaps, in contradiction of the contemporary West with the Iran Islamic Revolution hidden in the humanistic nature of modernity, since the modern west pivotal view in all dimensions of life is humanistic, and human-like rather than God-oriented one. To this aim, a critical method used. Humanism has two meanings: fi...

The author draws a parallel between the Stoics? and Spinoza?s understanding of moral good values in general, their ?living agreement with nature?. It is indicated that difference Stoics Spinoza slight when it comes to issues discussed this paper. Spinoza, like Stoics, held could be merely useful found

Abstract The article analyzes Lev Vygotsky’s attempts to utilize Spinoza’s philosophical ideas in solving the methodological crisis of psychology 1920s and 1930s. Vygotsky had a manuscript, Uchenie ob emocijakh , where he scrutinized doctrines effects on Descartes Spinoza. Whilst Descartes’ doctrine built dualistic soul versus body premise, starting point was monistic. Despite his clear sympath...

Some of Spinoza’s most well-known doctrines concern what kinds of beings there are and how they are related to each other. For example, he claims that: (1) there is only one substance; (2) this substance has infinitely many attributes; (3) this substance is God or nature; (4) each of these attributes express the divine essence; and (5) all else is a mode of the one substance. These claims have ...

I In a short piece written most likely in the 1690s and given the title by Loemker of “On Wisdom,” Leibniz says the following: “...we see that happiness, pleasure, love, perfection, being, power, freedom, harmony, order, and beauty are all tied to each other, a truth which is rightly perceived by few.” Why is this? That is, why or how are these concepts tied to each other? And, why have so few ...