background research predicting the public health and fiscal impact of supervised injection facilities (sifs), across different cities in canada, has reported positive results on the reduction of hiv cases among people who inject drugs (pwid). most of the existing studies have focused on the outcomes of insite, located in the vancouver downtown eastside (dtes). previous attention has not been af...

to study the effects of halopriming and hydropriming in overcoming salt and drought stress in corn (zea mays l.),two experiments were separately conducted at shahrood university of technology. seed treatments consisted ofcontrol (untreated seeds), soaking in distilled water for 32 h (hydropriming), and soaking in 50 mmol solution ofcacl2 for 16 h (halopriming). germination and early seedling gr...

common burnet (poterium sanguisorba) is a perennial herb from rose family (rosaceae) which is used to construct pastures. the studied plant can resist against freezing, cool and drought. the present study was conducted to study the seed germination parameters of common burnet in different thermal treatments as completely randomized design in 4 replications in 2013. treatments involved the effec...

Cortical pulling forces on astral microtubules are essential to position the spindle. These forces are generated by cortical dynein, a minus-end directed motor. Previously, another dynein regulator termed Spindly was proposed to regulate dynein-dependent spindle positioning. However, the mechanism of how Spindly regulates spindle positioning has remained elusive. Here, we find that the misalign...

there are several methods to increase crops yield, including use of high quality seeds. seed priming is a simple and low-cost method to increase seed quality, if be done right, will lead to increasing plant performance and yield. seed priming treatment applied before planting to enhance germination parameters, seedling establishment and etc. primed seeds get some physiological and biochemical c...

In this paper, we developed a technique to detect a special kind of shot, namely establishment shot, which is used to introduce a new scene to the audience or remind the audience of a known environment. The detection of establishment shot aids in various middle-level issues such as analyzing the story units of a movie. An establishment shot is usually realized by using camera motions such as pa...

Several analytic models describe the steady-state throughput of bulk transfer TCP flows as a function of round trip time and packet loss rate. These models describe flows based on the assumption that they are long enough to sustain many packet losses. However, most TCP transfers across today’s Internet are short enough to see few, if any, losses and consequently their performance is dominated b...

In recent years, warming climate and increased fire activity have raised concern about post-fire recovery of western U.S. forests. We assessed relationships between climate variability and tree establishment after fire in dry ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range. We harvested and aged over 400 post-fire juvenile ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzies...

Oocyte maturation, the important process to produce female haploid gamete, accompanies with polarity establishment and highly asymmetric cell division to emit minor polar body within little cytoplasm. Microfilaments play central roles in polarity establishment and asymmetric cell division. Several actin regulators like WASP protein family as well as small GTPases function in microfilament dynam...