This paper analyzes the economic and climatic impacts of the EMF 19 emission scenarios. A reference scenario, three emission scenarios targeting 550 ppmv atmospheric concentration, and three tax scenarios are analyzed. The profiles of energy consumption and economic losses of each policy scenario are compared to the reference scenario. The model also estimates that global mean temperature will ...

Two statistical downscaling models, the non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) and the Statistical Down–Scaling Model (SDSM) were used to generate future scenarios of both mean and extremes in the Tarim River basin,which were based on nine combined scenarios including three general circulation models (GCMs) (CSIRO30, ECHAM5,and GFDL21) predictor sets and three special report on emission sce...

Numerical air quality models are being used for assessing emission control strategies for improving ambient pollution levels across the globe. This paper applies probabilistic modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of emission reduction scenarios aimed at lowering ground-level ozone concentrations. A Bayesian hierarchical model is used to combine air quality model output and monitoring data in ...

More than one third of all nearby galaxies show indications of low-luminosity nuclear activity. These low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs) are traditionally classified into a variety of categories depending on their forbidden-line ratios and on the presence or absence of broadline emission. By analogy with Seyfert unification models, it is natural to ask whether the various LLAGN types are different ma...

We present results on the dynamic fluorescence properties of bioconjugated nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) in different chemical and physical environments. A variety of QD samples was prepared and compared: isolated individual QDs, QD aggregates, and QDs conjugated to other nanoscale materials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and human erythrocyte plasma membrane proteins. We d...

We introduce a new general-purpose time-dependent ionisation network (IN) and radiation transport (RT) module in the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code PLUTO. Our is reliable for temperatures ranging from 5e3 to 3e8 K, includes all states of H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S Fe making it suitable studying variety astrophysical scenarios. Radiation loss each ion-electron pair calculated using CLOUDY-17...

Increasing atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is a major threat to coral reefs, but some argue that the threat is mitigated by factors such as the variability in the response of coral calcification to acidification, differences in bleaching susceptibility, and the potential for rapid adaptation to anthropogenic warming. However the evidence for these mitigating factors tends to involve ...

Many Forth systems provide means to call C functions, but these interfaces are not designed to be portable between platforms: A call to a C library function that works on one platform may fail on the next platform, because the parameter and return value types of the C function may be different. In this paper, we present an interface that avoids this problem: In particular, the actual calls can ...

due to the growth of industries and factories, deforestation and other environmental degradation a well as greenhouse gases have been increasing greenhouse gases on the earth's surface in recent decades. this increase disturbs the climate of the earth and is called climate change. an increase in greenhouse gases in the future could exacerbate the climate change phenomenon and have several ...