objective: dna vaccines have been widely used to develop immunity against various pathogens including parasites and viruses. the potential of dna vaccine to induce an effective immune response is related to the expression levels of the encoded protein in eukaryotic cells. therefore, optimization of plasmid dna delivery system is a major concern in protein expression in order to make an efficien...

conclusions the overall results indicated that bacteriophages isolated from sewage exhibited excellent lytic activity against mrsa strains. in conclusion, bacteriophages can be further characterized and appear to be a promising candidate for phage therapy against mrsa in the future. results the phages exhibited good lytic activity against mrsa when tested in-vitro, and the highest activity was ...

Background: Faba bean toxicity (favism) is a common condition observed in our region. Objective: To develop a short and simple technique involving the use of riboflavin-deficient rats to test in vivo faba bean toxicity. Methods/Results: Sprague Dawley rats were maintained on a riboflavin-deficient diet and their vitamin B2 status was monitored by the assay of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (...

Background: Strenuous exercise and temperature outside the optimum are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and therefore disruption of fertility in females. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum Estradiol level and follicogenesis in adult mice exposed to forced swimming in different temperature waters. Materials and Methods: Adult female mice were randomly divided into four groups as...

introduction: during radiotherapy, high accuracy in the dose delivery is required because there is a strong  relationship between the absorbed dose, local tumor control and particularly the normal tissue damage. in  many institutions, in vivo dosimetry using diodes is performed to check the actual dose delivered. in general,  the uncertainty in the dose delivered should fall within  ± 5% of the...

background: in leishmaniasis, some drugs prescribed for treatment have toxic ef-fects and there are reports about drug resistance in some countries. due to this fact, using herbal drugs such as artemisinin with good efficacy and low toxic effect might be suitable. methods: we evaluated the apoptotic effect of artemisinin on leishmania major in vitro and the antileishmanial activities of artemis...