In the process of Islamic mysticism, the seventh century, because of the confluence of various mystical methods and viewpoints is of a special importance. One of the distinguished figures of the period is Sa‘d al-din Hamouye (d.649 Lunar) that in spite of his significant place in the Islamic mysticism, these is not sufficient information about him. Without doubt any scientific source which he...

The great eighteenth century mystic and scholar, Alal-Din Simnäni, has tried in his last years of life to write an interpretation with a mystical attitude on the Holy Quran in 24 volumes. He has done so by first writing an epilogue to Najm al-Din Räzi's interpretation of Quran under the title of "Bahr al-Haqayiq va-Ma'äni". There, he mentions that his writing will be the first volume of his len...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

Abu Hamid al-Ghazālī was a mystic, jurist and a theologian, lived in the fifth century AH, who had significantly influenced Iranian culture. His greatest work is Iḥyaʾ ʿūlm al-dīnʾ, which he wrote to revive the religious knowledge, in his seclusion period and with the subject of “transaction knowledge”, therefore there could be found architectural information in it. This research is dedicated t...

Although Mirdamad is mainly known for his philosophical writing, he has many other works on narrational sciences, which are important to discuss and study. While writing his book Glosses on Al- Usul Al- Kafi, which considering the title of the book and its introduction seems to be written to explain the traditions collected by al-Kafi in his magnum opus of hadith, he understood that an investig...

Abu Hanifah, Numan Ibn Thabit, has been the disciple of some scholars for many years of his life. In this respect it is reported that he has uttered a saying which shows how he was helped in a special way for two years of the years of his learning and also his special praise for one of his grand teachers. He has said, “Were it not for the two years, al-Numan would have perished.” Some of the...

The narrational exegeses are a set of sources which Sheikh al-Kuleini has used in the composition of his …. . Some of these works are those of Hisham Ibn Salim, Yunis Ibn Abdol Rahman, Hussein Ibn Saeed, Abu Hamzeh al-Thomali, Mo’lla Ibn Muhammad, Muhammad Ibn Khalid al-Barqi, Wahib Ibn Hafs al-Jariri …. Muhammad Ibn Hassan…., Abdol Rahman Ibn Kathir, and some of the ...