deviation from the norm in al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah abstract literature deals with the arrangement and decoration of language with a beautiful form and an impressive message. foregrounding and deviation from the norm are the outcome of the manipulation of standard language in its phonology, semantics, lexis, syntax, and dialects, among other aspects. al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah is among the most val...

al-adab al-saghīr has been translated from pahlavi, and can be regarded as the crossroads of the iranian and islamic cultures. ibn-e moqafa’a, like other translators of pahlavi texts, translated texts which were in line with islamic thoughts from pahlavi to arabic. this was warmly welcomed in the arab world, but they were gradually intertwined with arabic thoughts and the iranian roots were for...

extended abstract 1. introduction abbasid period can be regarded as an epoch in which poetry and eulogy in persia reached maturity, i.e., in which poetry has become a means of praise and admiration (dayf, 2006, p. 565). the kings of this dynasty gathered a group of flattered eulogists and used them for political announcements (alebadi, 2006, p. 13), by allocating precious gifts of war booty to ...

The science of interpretation has a special position in the Islamic sciences and has been addressed seriously by Muslims from the very first days of Islam, because interpretation is to understand and discover the points of the best speech, i.e. the speech of the Sublime Allāh. One of the new commentaries on Muslims' divine book is al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-‘aqīda wa al-sharī‘a wa al-munhaj, auth...

This note intends to collect some open problems in Formal Concept Analysis. The ones below have been presented at the International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis (ICFCA 2006) held in Dresden February 2006. Would you like to add some problems to this list, please feel free to send them to [email protected] Problems presented at ICFCA 2006 in Dresden Problem 1 (Minimal generators for B...

We first explain the basic concept of a probability space, (Ω,F , P ). This may be interpreted as an experiment with random outcomes. The set Ω is the collection of all possible outcomes of the experiment; F is a family of subsets of Ω called events; and P is a function that associates to an event its probability. These objects must satisfy certain logical requirements, which are detailed below...

BACKGROUND Phantom limb pain (PLP) is approximately a common condition after limb amputation, which potentially affects the quality of life. We aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients with amputated limbs suffering from PLP and to compare these psychological dysfunctions with that of patients with non-phantom chronic pain. METHODS A total number of 16 male amputees with PLP and 2...

Aluminum anodes have been widely used in the cathodic protection of marine structures. However there are conditions in which these anodes become passivated or face some localized or unwanted corrosion, which influences their efficiency. Addition of alloying elements such as Zn and In not only have improved the efficiency of the anodes but also the effect of casting parameters such as ultra ...