BACKGROUND School absenteeism is a common source of data used in syndromic surveillance, which can eventually be used for early outbreak detection. However, the absenteeism reporting system in most schools, especially in developing countries, relies on a paper-based method that limits its use for disease surveillance or outbreak detection. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop ...

538 Public health surveillance has been defined as the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and feedback of outcome-specific data used for public health practice (1). Laboratory reports are critical to public health surveillance because they initiate investigations of cases of reportable diseases or outbreaks of infections. The current system of laboratory reporting, which ...

Arrival time distributions of EAS muons carry information about the production profile of the EAS muonic component. The measured distributions are affected and distorted by various interwoven effects which arise from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of a single EAS event. ...

Hardware implementation of the Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) control strategy is an important stage of the development of the vehicle electric control unit (ECU). This paper introduces Model-Based Design (MBD) approach for implementation of PHEV energy management. Based on this approach, implementation of the control algorithm on an electronic hardware is performed using automatic co...

The Pierre Auger Observatory, recently completed, has been operational since 2004. As a hybrid experiment, it allows for a wide range of measurements of UHECR-induced extensive air showers (EAS), including measurements of the EAS particle content on ground which is sensitive to high-energy hadronic interactions. We present the results of several independent measurements of the EAS muon content ...

Tangential and radial angles of muons in EAS, a useful concept in investigation of the muon production height, can be used also for the investigation of the muon momenta. A parameter ζ, being a combination of tangential and radial angles, is introduced and its possible applications in investigation of muons in showers are presented.

The EAS-TOP and MACRO Collaboration * We report the analysis of the N e-N µ coincident events collected by the MACRO/EAS-TOP collaboration at the Gran Sasso Laboratories. The result points to a primary composition becoming heavier around the knee of the primary spectrum (in the energy region 10 15 − 10 16 eV). The result is in very good agreement with the measurements of EAS-TOP alone at the su...