this paper presents a theoretical view of imperfect market. it concludes that an increase in the price of products does not give any incentive to increasing production which shows the mechanism for upward trends in prices.

One approach to characterizing interfacial stiffness is to introduce imperfect interfaces that allow displacement discontinuities whose magnitudes depend on interfacial traction and on properties of the interface or interphase region. This work implemented such imperfect interfaces into both finite element analysis and the material point method. The finite element approach defined imperfect int...

Accurate automatic identification of astronomical objects in an imperfect world of nonlinear wide-angle optics, imperfect optics, inaccurately pointed telescopes, and defect-ridden cameras is not always a trivial first step. In the past few years, this problem has been exacerbated by the rise of digital imaging, providing vast digital streams of astronomical images and data. In the modern age o...

Experts take into account several criteria to assess the effectiveness of torrential flood protection systems. In practice, scoring each criterion is imperfect. Each system is assessed choosing a qualitative class of effectiveness among several such classes (high, medium, low, no). Evidential Reasoning for Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis (ER-MCDA) approach can help formalize this Multi-Criteri...

We present a polynomial-time reduction from parity games with imperfect information to safety games with imperfect information. Similar reductions for games with perfect information typically increase the game size exponentially. Our construction avoids such a blow-up by using imperfect information to realise succinct counters which cover a range exponentially larger than their size. In particu...

 Imperfect production processes lead to imperfect products and decrease the profit of a business. Improvement in the production process by increasing the investment cost will decrease the defective percentage of items. This study develops an EPQ model with investments on imperfect production processes under limited capital. An algorithm is developed to derive the replenishment and investment p...

We present a polynomial-time reduction from parity games with imperfect information to safety games with imperfect information. Similar reductions for games with perfect information typically increase the game size exponentially. Our construction avoids such a blow-up by using imperfect information to realise succinct counters which cover a range exponentially larger than their size. In particu...

Imperfect recall games remain an unexplored part of the game theory, even though recent results in abstraction algorithms show that the imperfect recall might be the key to solving the immense games found in the real world efficiently. Our research objective is to develop the first algorithm capable of outperforming the state-of-the-art solvers applied directly to perfect recall games, by creat...