Silicon–germanium alloys offer a system where the ratio of the electron impact ionization coefficient ~a! and hole impact ionization coefficient ~b! varies from a value larger than unity ~in high silicon content alloys!, to a value smaller than unity ~in high germanium content alloys!. We report results for a and b for this alloy system. The electron results are based on a multivalley nonparabo...

We have calculated cross sections for electron impact ionization (EII) of P-like Fe11+ forming Si-like Fe12+. We have used the flexible atomic code (FAC) and a distorted-wave (DW) approximation. Particular attention has been paid to the ionization through the 3l → nl′ and 2l → nl′ excitation autoionization (EA) channels. We compare our results to previously published FAC DW results and recent e...

Health impact assessment (HIA) on a strategic level focuses on the broad determinants of health. However, the evidence with regard to the health impacts is often necessarily 'soft'. The example of a health impact review on national housing policy in the Netherlands shows that HIA can be effective even in the absence of hard data. Strategies used to overcome the problem of not having hard data a...

Iran has suffered ever-increasing domestic energy consumption, mostly because of its long-standing price control policy. To decelerate this trend, Iran began a reform on its energy subsidy system in December 2010. This paper examines the inflationary impact of the energy subsidy reform on different Iranian non-energy sectors and urban and rural households by making an updated input–output...