multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex neurological disease and its prevalence is about 2 million in the world. neuroinflammation plays a key role in ms. vitamins are essential nutrients that have effective role on immune system including activation of lymphocyte and differentiation of t-helper cell. vitamin d is a micronutrient that is effective on immune function. deficiently of vitamin d is a ...

In this paper we introduce a physiologically structured SIR epidemic model where the individuals are distributed according to their immune status. An individual immune status is assumed to increase during the infectious period and remain unchanged after the recovery. Recovered individuals can become reinfected at a rate which is a decreasing function of their immune status. We find that the pos...

The testis presents a special immunological environment, considering its property of immune privilege that tolerates allo- and auto-antigens. Testicular immune privilege was once believed to be mainly based on the sequestration of antigens from the immune system by the blood-testis barrier in the seminiferous epithelium. Substantial evidence supports the view that the combination of physical st...

Especially complicated, renal lithiasis contributes to the general inflammatory syndrome development that interferes with nonspecific, humoral and cellular immune system. The surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis is closely related to drug therapy of urinary infection, one of the reasons being the reduction of the immune status. The work is performed by evaluating the immunological status preop...

Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a...