Innate and adaptive immune dysfunction, also referred to as cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction syndrome, is a major component of cirrhosis, and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both the acute and chronic worsening of liver function. During the evolution of the disease, acute decompensation events associated with organ failure(s), so-called acute-on chronic liver failure, and chr...

COVID-19 infection, a present ravaging disease attributed to a SARS-CoV like illness has brought the world to it knee causing a pandemic, with human-human transmission indexed to be a major source of transmission of this ailment. Alarmingly, this infection based on clinical manifestations has been diagnosed as a virus induced pneumonia with over 5 million cases reckoned at a mortality rate of a...

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a well known entity occurring in immunocompetent persons. Cutaneous aspergillosis, on the other hand, has been described in cases of suppressed immunity. Recently, invasive aspergillosis has been reported in patients with subtle immune dysfunction such as those with critical illness and advanced cirrhosis. We report a case of scrotal aspergillosis in association with ...

The development of type 2 diabetes is accompanied by decreased immune function and the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the immune dysfunction in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats by treatment with a combination of four mitochondrial-targeting nutr...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition associated with elevated frequency of clinical comorbidities and cognitive impairment. The neurobiology of BD is not completely understood. Recent evidence has implicated immune dysfunction in its physiopathology. Here, we review several data supporting the presence of immunological dysfunction in BD: (i) increased frequency of autoimmune disease...

BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced immune dysfunction ranging from cytokines storm to immunoparalysis impacts outcomes. Monitoring immune dysfunction enables better risk stratification and mortality prediction and is mandatory before widely application of immunoadjuvant therapies. We aimed to develop and validate a scoring system according to patients' immune dysfunction status for 28-day mortality pred...

OBJECTIVES To describe the profound alterations in host immunity that are produced by major surgery as demonstrated by experimental and clinical studies, and to evaluate the benefits of therapeutic strategies aimed at attenuating perioperative immune dysfunction. DATA SOURCES A review of the English-language literature was conducted, incorporating searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane...

Worldwide, children have a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Epidemiological evidence connects deficiency to immune system dysfunction and an elevated risk infections. For the therapy acute diarrhea in children, it may be useful know how affects severity condition.