This paper characterizes optimal IMF policy in an environment with moral hazard followed by adverse selection. In our framework, government actions to improve domestic productivity are not always e¤ective, and the government learns of the success of its actions before foreign investors. Without the IMF, it is not possible for foreign investors to discern the quality of the domestic production s...

Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, LERQAP, 23 av. du Général de Gaulle, 94709 Maisons-Alfort cedex,France Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the temperature conditions in neonatal care units for the preparation and storage of infant milk formula (IMF) and infant feeding using bottles and continuous feeding syringes. Enterobacter sakazakii in IMF for feeding infan...

We present a combined analysis of the low-mass initial mass function (IMF) for seven star-forming regions. We first demonstrate that the ratios of stars to brown dwarfs are consistent with a single underlying IMF. By assuming that the underlying IMF is the same for all seven clusters and by combining the ratio of stars to brown dwarfs from each cluster, we constrain the shape of the brown dwarf...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important trait that can affect pork quality. Previous studies have identified many genes that can regulate IMF. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. However, lincRNAs related to IMF in pig are largely unknown, and the mechanisms by which they regulate IMF are yet to be elucidated. Here w...

IMF loans react to economic conditions but are also sensitive to political-economy variables. Loans tend to be larger and more frequent when a country has a bigger quota and more professional staff at the IMF and when a country is more connected politically and economically to the United States and other major shareholding countries of the IMF. These results are of considerable interest for the...

In an effort to better characterize uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) function in skeletal muscle, we assessed basal UCP3 protein content in rat intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondrial subfractions in conjunction with measurements of state 4 respiration. UCP3 content was 1.3-fold (P < 0.05) greater in IMF compared with SS mitochondria. State 4 respiration was 2.6-fold greater (P...

Results of previous studies have shown that increased milking frequency (IMF) during early lactation results in increased milk yield not only during the period of IMF but also after cows have returned to a decreased milking frequency. The cellular mechanisms underpinning this increased milk yield and the overall effects of IMF on metabolism have not been well characterized. The objective of thi...

A first experiment in 229 barrows examined the effect of the genetic type on growth, carcass composition and intramuscular fat (IMF) content and composition. Four genetic types were used: Landrace x Large White (LSLW), Duroc, either inseminated with boars from the same (D1D1) or a different line (D1D2), and Duroc x Iberian (D1IB). All pigs were reared until 200 days under the same conditions. I...

We examine a unique data set from seven Hubble Space Telescope (HST) "visits" that imaged Saturn's northern dayside ultraviolet emissions exhibiting usual circumpolar "auroral oval" morphologies, during which Cassini measured the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) upstream of Saturn's bow shock over intervals of several hours. The auroras generally consist of a dawn arc extending toward noon c...

Context. The initial mass function (IMF) plays a crucial role in galaxy evolution and its implications on star formation theory make it a milestone for the next decade. It is in the intermediate and high mass ranges where the uncertainties of the IMF are larger. This is a major subject of debate and analysis both for Galactic and extragalactic science. Aims. Our goal is to constrain the IMF of ...