This paper reviews actions of antiestrogens on IGF physiology, and discusses the potential significance of the recent observations that (i) effects of antiestrogens on the uterus are correlated with their effects on uterine IGF-I and IGFBP-3 gene expression, and that (ii) the potent antiestrogen and growth inhibitor ICI 182,780 induces autocrine production of IGFBP-3 by estrogen receptor-positi...

The antiestrogens ICI 182,780 (ICI) and tamoxifen are clinically useful in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. We assessed the in vivo effects of ICI, tamoxifen, and estradiol on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in the rat mammary gland. ICI significantly decreased the size of the lobular structures, Ki-67 labeling index, and insulin-like growth fact...

In this study we describe the complete coding sequence for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 and IGFBP-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). We also report the characterisation of two gene paralogues of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5. Following 22 days restricted fee...

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the product of a tumor suppressor target gene, can modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis by IGF-I-dependent and IGF-I-independent mechanisms. IGFBP-3 controls the bioavailability of IGFs in the extracellular environment and is known to be subject to degradation by various extracellular proteases. Although nuclear localization and funct...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs due to fibroblast proliferation and excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). We have shown that insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-5 plays an important role in the development of fibrosis in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. We identified a membrane-associated adaptor protein, d...

Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that possess IGF-dependent and -independent actions. Recent studies suggest that its IGF-independent action appeared early and that the IGF-binding function may have been acquired later in evolution. The timing of the emergence of IGF-dependent actions is unclear. Here, we identified and characterized an igfbp gen...

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether catabolic stimuli that induce muscle atrophy alter the muscle mRNA abundance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and -5, and if so determine the physiological mechanism for such a change. Catabolic insults produced by endotoxin (LPS) and sepsis decreased IGFBP-5 mRNA time- and dose-dependently in gastrocnemius muscle....

............................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 8 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................................................................................ 9 1. THE INSULIN-LIKE GRO...

Although insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) has been shown to be implicated in prostate cancer progression, the functional role of IGFBP-5 in progression to androgen-independence remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate substantial up-regulation of IGFBP-5 during castration-induced regression and androgen-independent (AI) progression in the mouse androgen-dependent (A...

Lysis of platelets releases the contents of the alpha-granules, which contain growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). We investigated the mechanism by which IGF-I and IGFBP-3 appeared in the alpha-granules with a goal of modulating their levels in platelets to affect platelet functions. Reverse transcription-PCR was initially used to t...