Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are monocyte-derived cells with endothelial characteristics, which contribute to both angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a paracrine way. Interferon-β (IFN-β) is known to inhibit these divergent processes in animals and patients. We hypothesized that IFN-β might act by affecting the differentiation and function of CACs. CACs were cultured from peripheral bloo...

INTRODUCTION 'No evidence of disease activity' (NEDA) is increasingly used as a treatment target with disease-modifying drugs for relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS This post-hoc analysis of the randomised EVIDENCE trial compared interferon beta-1a injected subcutaneously three times weekly (IFN β-1a SC tiw) with interferon β-1a injected intramuscularly once weekly (IFN β-1a IM qw) on NEDA...

IFN-β is a critical antiviral cytokine that is capable of modulating the systemic immune response. The transcriptional induction of IFN-β is a highly regulated process, involving the activation of pattern recognition receptors and their downstream signaling pathways. The Akt family of serine/threonine kinases includes three isoforms. The specific role for the individual Akt isoforms in pattern ...

Abstract IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs), known as canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), play critical roles in regulating immune responses against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. How the IFIT5 regulates innate is rarely reported remains enigmatic. In this study, we discover that human (hIFIT5) functions a negative regulator of type I IFN (IFN) pathway HEK293T...

The effect of intranasal (IN) administration of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) recombinant particles expressing interferon-β [IFN-β, a partially effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)] on the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, a murine model for MS) was investigated. The murine IFN-β gene was cloned from SFV-infected mouse brain by RT-PCR into an SFV-enhanced ex...

Interferon-β (IFN-β) has been used clinically for malignant glioma growth inhibition. Recently IFN-β is re-evaluated for its sensitization mechanism to the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, because angiogenesis is essential for malignant glioma growth. In this study, we investigated new mechanisms of inhibition of glioma angiogenesis by IFN-β. Three malignant glioma cell lines, U87, TK2 and ...

The classic anti-viral cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β) can be induced during parasitic infection, but relatively little is know about the cell types and signaling pathways involved. Here we show that inflammatory monocytes (IMs), but not neutrophils, produce IFN-β in response to T. gondii infection. This difference correlated with the mode of parasite entry into host cells, with phagocytic uptake...

Background: Management of multiple sclerosis (MS) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of Th1/Th2/Th17 serum cytokines in patients with MS. Methods: Six patients with relapsing remitting MS as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...

There is a clear need for novel, effective therapeutic approaches to hemorrhagic fever due to filoviruses. Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever is associated with robust interferon (IFN)-α production, with plasma concentrations of IFN-α that greatly (60- to 100-fold) exceed those seen in other viral infections, but little IFN-β production. While all of the type I IFNs signal through the same receptor ...

IFN-β is widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, yet the mechanism facilitating its efficacy remains unclear. IL-2 production by activated T cells, including those mediating autoimmunity, and subsequent autocrine stimulation is vital for T cell expansion and function. In this study, we demonstrate that in mouse and human T cells, IFN-β specifically inhibits the production of IL-2 up...