An injective map from the vertex set of a graph G—its order may not be finite—to the set of all natural numbers is called an arithmetic (a geometric) labeling of G if the map from the edge set which assigns to each edge the sum (product) of the numbers assigned to its ends by the former map, is injective and the range of the latter map forms an arithmetic (a geometric) progression. A graph is c...

language and meaning are among the most important subjects which scholars have discussed since the earliest times and sometimes they have presented contradictory viewpoints about it. undoubtedly, language and meanings have a life for themselves; some of them extinguish in their lifespan and others will survive. some others undergo transformation and present themselves in new shapes. similar to ...

Compounds of indicative conditionals present some puzzling phenomena. Perhaps most striking, some nested indicative conditionals are uninterpretable. Proponents of NTV hold that indicative conditionals do not have truth values, and they use this to explain why nested indicative conditionals are sometimes uninterpretable: the embedded conditional does not provide the truth conditions needed by t...

Space is critical in teacher education because it shapes and shaped by different aspects of learning. This study examines how a group language educators student-teachers understood space the effects that understanding on their practices conceptions before, during, after Covid-19 restrictions. Set Argentina, collected data means walking interviews, drawings, photos, follow-up interviews. Qualita...

In view of native/nonnative language teacher dichotomy, different characteristics have been assigned to these 2 groups. The dichotomy has been the source of different actions and measures to clarify the positive and negative points of being (non)native teachers. In recent years, many researchers have revisited this dichotomy. The challenge to the dichotomy can be a source of motivation to explo...