Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a frequent glomerular kidney disease that is revealed by proteinuria or even nephrotic syndrome. A diagnosis can be established from a kidney biopsy that shows focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. This histopathological lesion may be caused by a primary podocyte injury (idiopathic FSGS) but is also associated with other pathologies (secondary FSGS...

We present a 30-year-old male patient who was initially diagnosed as minimal change nephrotic syndrome, 5 years later, the patient developed a localized form of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF). An elevated ESR and concomitant nephrotic syndrome in the patient suggested the immunologic nature of IRF, IRF has been reported in association with collagen diseases and rarely with proliferat...

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct relationship between serum cholesterol and serum albumin in first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Methods and materials: A prospective observational study included 28 children with nephrotic syndrome, aged between of 2-8 years with 14 age and sex matched controls were studied at SVS Medical College and ...

Minimal change nephropathy (MCN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in both children and adults. It is characterised by normal appearing glomeruli by light microscopy and the absence of immunoglobulin deposits by immunoflorescence microscopy. On electron microscopy there is diffuse fusion of the epithelial foot processes. MCN is suggested to be caused by a T-cell or B-cell dysfunction and/o...

The conventional paradigm on the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome revolves around the concept of a glomerular disorder which is characterized by massive proteinuria with consequent hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema and hyperlipidemia. However, the changes at structural and molecular levels of the podocytes have recently assumed prominence as a new paradigm on the pathogenesis of pediatric id...

Background: Nephrotic syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus are two common chronic conditions in children. Co-existence of these conditions is an extremely rare finding. Case presentation: This report presents a 6-year-old boy who was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome five years ago and type 1 diabetes mellitus in infancy. Renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis, which is a rare h...

BACKGROUND In adults, membranous nephropathy (MN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome. While a majority of cases of MN are idiopathic, secondary forms can be seen in the setting of autoimmune disease, neoplasia, infection, and after being exposed to certain therapeutic agents. Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections could cause MN. However, the effect o...

Minimal change disease (MCD) accounts for 10-15% of primary nephrotic syndrome cases in adults [1]. Most cases are idiopathic. However, approximately 10% may have an identifiable cause. Secondary causes may include drugs, toxins, infections and tumours [2]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) mercury, lithium and bee stings are some established causes of MCD. Although some plant prod...

Pertussis or whooping cough is a vaccine-preventable disease that still remains a serious infection in neonates and young infants. The disease is particularly severe in infants less than three months old, who are often infected by their parents. Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare entity presenting within the first three months. It encompasses a heterogeneous group of entities with genetic,...