Patients with extremely severe oligozoospermia (ESO) and cryptozoospermia (CO) are suitable using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as an infertility treatment. However, some andrologists are confused to distinguish ESO and CO in clinic diagnose. This study was designed for the first time to evaluate and compare patients with ESO and CO to determine whether these are useful clinical disti...

background: idiopathic anterior uveitis is an anterior segment inflammation in which a detailed medical history, general and ocular physical examination is not associated with any defined clinical syndrome. alterations in immune system parameters have been reported in patients with idiopathic posterior uveitis; however no data on the role of immune system in idiopathic anterior uveitis has yet ...

recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) is a multifactorial disorder that remains idiopathic in 50% of the cases. the aim of this study was to investigate the association between mthfd1 as well as enos polymorphisms with idiopathic rpl. in a case-control study, 100 women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (prl) and 50 controls referred to noor laboratory, khoozestan, iran, were evaluated. genotypi...

Introduction: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) is a very rare cause of dysphagia when it occurs in the cervical spine. It can also affect the lumbar region where it causes deformity. Case Report: In this article, a rare case of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis involving both the cervical and lumbar spine, presenting with dysphagia and spinal stiffness leading to a stoopin...

introduction idiopathic membranous nephropathy (mn) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. recently, m-type phospholipase a2 receptor (pla2-r) has been discovered as the main podocyte antigen in the pathogenesis of idiopathic mn. materials and methods in this mini review, the author searched english-language medline for the terms “membranous nephropathy”, “rituximab”, and “phospholipase...

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a multisystem disease with peripheral blood eosinophilia of at least 6 months duration, multiple organ system involvement, and no evidence for other known causes of eosinophilia. It is characteristically a disease of middle-aged men, often has a poor prognosis and is seldom found during childhood. Heart dicsease, characterized by endomyocardial fibrosis ...