This study analyzes how teens represent themselves through their profile photographs on a popular nonymous chat site. Using visual content analysis methods, we analyzed 400 profile photographs, controlling for the self-reported gender and the apparent race of the photographic subject. The analysis finds significant differences in gaze, posture, dress, and distance from the camera according to g...

A pattern found in many marketing systems, “male breadwinning,” is contingent upon overlapping and shared ideologies, which influence the economic organization and thus the type and number of relationships in those systems. Implementing a mixed-methods research methodology, this article continues and extends previous work in macromarketing on the interplay of markets, ideology, socio-economic o...

The history of the colonial world is interpreted differently by western historians and “nativist” historians and ethnologists. The colonialist perspective of history often disregards an entire phase of history before the colonial period, exalting the colonialist enterprise. On the other hand, ethnologists and native historians stress indigenous sources of history, including oral accounts. The p...

In this paper, I present a narratological approach to the BioShock trilogy of games. I look at three narratological levels as they relate to space. At the level of the storyline, a large part of the game revolves around the piecemeal construction of the narrative of the game space – the narrative of the player's avatar is developed alongside the narrative of what happened to the space he is mov...

Most assume that when governments support a religion, they do so in the hope will increase their legitimacy. However, growing literature implies for religion may decrease government’s legitimacy three reasons. First, political secularism, an ideology mandating separation of and state or restrictions on is increasingly popular. Second, can undermine religious vitality. Third, entails element gov...

This research sheds light on Western use of educational Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA) as an important weapon to eradicate Native American culture. Although there have been huge Culture and Euro-American oppression Americans, very small is known about the ideological method European oppression. The picture that appears from Louise Erdrich’s LaRose for Europeans, education a tool enlighten ...