We study a model in which voters choose between two candidates on the basis of both ideology and competence. While the ideology of the candidates is commonly known, voters are imperfectly informed about competence. Voter preferences, however, are such that it is a dominant strategy to vote according to ideology alone. When voting is compulsory, the candidate of the majority ideology prevails an...

An enzymatic synthesis of sphingomyelin, N-acylsphingosylphosphorylcholine, was demonstrated by Sribney and Kennedy to occur via a reaction between ceramide (Nacylsphingosine) and CDP-choline. They indicated in this study that N-acyl derivatives of fhreo-sphingosine were far superior to the eryfhro derivatives as acceptors for the phosphorylcholine moiety. We have repeated these enzymatic exper...

1. Overview China, in its 50 years of communist rule since liberation, has experienced cultural and ideological change on a massive scale. The editorials from the People’s Daily, the typical public discourse representing the Communist ideology of China, encoded these ideological changes in its formulations. This study will present the meaning changes of some political-social keywords in editori...

Prosociality refers to dispositions and behaviors intended benefit others, the present study assumed that these reflect people's values. Much of research on prosociality has examined in what can be called interpersonal domain, e.g., helping others. I propose also exists ideological domain. People hold prosocial values concern collectives, not specific individuals. Multilevel analyses data colle...

Researchers have overwhelmingly concluded that substantial benefits can be achieved by organizations increasing the level of interactivity on their websites. However, interactivity, with its emphasis on facilitating visitors’ unconstrained exchanges and control over website content, may undermine the communicative purpose of an organization’s website. Taking a perspective based on the duality o...

Using a new dataset capturing the ideological positioning of nearly half a million U.S. judges and lawyers, we present evidence showing how ideology affects the selection of judges across federal and state judiciaries. We document that the higher the court, the more it deviates ideologically from the ideology of attorneys, suggesting ideology plays a strong role in judicial selection. We also s...