The strategy of positional cloning has been highly successful in identifying a number of single gene disorders that exhibit clear Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Positional cloning of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been assisted by the expansion of molecular genetic tools and highly informative markers, so that new IDDM susceptibility genes are being uncovered. The ultimate c...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression is pivotal during apoptosis. Indeed, AChE inhibitors partially protect cells from apoptosis. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized in part by pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of AChE in the development of IDDM and analyzed protective effects of AChE inhibitors. Multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) admi...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether 6 months of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril can improve conduit artery endothelial function in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherogenesis and has been demonstrated in young subjects with IDDM. ACE inhibitors have been s...

Classical insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is relatively uncommon in Indian-Asians whether in India or in the UK and this may be related to immunogenetic factors. We have studied the presence or absence of islet cell antibodies and other auto-antibodies in 36 subjects with IDDM and 41 controls, all of Indian origin. Islet cell antibodies (ICA-IgG) were found in 8 subjects with IDDM bu...

We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. To assess the general applicability of pDNA vaccination to mediate Ag-specific immune deviation, we examined the immun...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). However, the cellular mechanism responsible for beta cell death is still unclear. We hypothesize that activation of NFkappaB by ROS is the key cellular signal in initiating a cascade of events leading to beta cell death. Thus, enhancement of p...

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) results from irreversible loss of beta cells (β-cells) of the pancreas. a streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetes in animal model mimics, in some aspects, recent onset iddm. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of nicotinamide on experimentally-induced iddm. thirty spraque dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; a control group, a diabetic ...

Most studies dealing with the pathogenesis of IDDM have emphasized the immune assault against f3-cells. In this perspective, we review the data that suggest that the @-cell destruction of IDDM depends on a balance between @-cell damage and repair. The progressive @-cell damage leading to iDDM seems to follow markedly different temporal courses in individual patients. Some individuals at high ri...

O u r g o a l i s t o determine whether gene vaccination can be used for the treatment of insulindependent diabetes mell i tus (IDDM), an autoimmune disease. In this work, weanling non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model system for the study of IDDM, received intramuscular injections of “naked” plasmid DNA encoding either intracellular or secreted human glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD),...

Diabetes may affect the secretion of prolactin, the principal lactogenic hormone. Because adequate amounts are critical to the establishment of lactation, we assessed the prolactin status of 33 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 33 women without diabetes, and 11 reference women participating in a study of lactation from 2 to 84 d postpartum. Circulating concentrations of ser...