Progress in processing low-loss quasi-phase-matched gallium arsenide crystals makes it possible to benefit from their excellent nonlinear properties in practical mid-infrared sources. This paper addresses both crystal growth aspects and the most recent device demonstrations. ©2012 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.4400) Nonlinear optics, materials; (140.3070) Infrared and far-infrared...

Pedarzani, Paola, Michael Krause, Trude Haug, Johan F. phate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in CA1 pyramiStorm, and Walter Stühmer. Modulation of the Ca-activated dal neurons (Blitzer et al. 1994; Madison and Nicoll 1986; K current sIAHP by a phosphatase-kinase balance under basal Pedarzani and Storm 1993, 1995; Torres et al. 1995), conditions in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 7...

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Mencacci and colleagues (2014) reporting a significantly higher frequency of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) variants in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to controls. Whole-exome sequencing of a large case-control cohort showed that rare GCH1 coding variants are associated with a 7-fold increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. Heterozygous los...

Accurate earthquake source parameters such as fault mechanism, depth, and moment magnitude are not only important in seismic-hazard assessment, but also are crucial to studies of earthquake rupture processes and seismotectonics. Although large earthquakes (Mw 7+) may cause substantial damage, they occur less frequently. In contrast, moderate earthquakes (Mw 5.0–6.5) occur with much higher frequ...

The global share of older people, aged 60 years or older increased from 9.2% in 1990 to 11.7% in 2013 and will continue to grow as a proportion of the world population, reaching 21.1% by 2050.1 Approximately, one in four deaths worldwide is attributable to stroke or ischemic heart disease. Stroke is the leading cause of disability. Venous thromboembolic disease, pulmonary embolism and deep veno...

THE CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENTS to exercise constitute wellcoordinated responses throughout the body. Virtually every organ system is required to do more (e.g., skeletal muscle, the respiratory pump, and the cardiac pump) or to do the same as at rest while receiving less blood flow. Of all the organ systems, perhaps only global brain activity and blood flow are not modulated in some manner. The ...

The CNS poses significant challenges for effective gene therapy, including the presence of the blood–brain barrier, which prevents the entry of large molecules. Adenoassociated viral (AAV) vectors have been developed that demonstrate efficient and stable transgene expression in the CNS and are the most advanced vector class in clinical application, but limitations still manifest. One of them is...

I will first introduce the concept of “cognitive-type” cortical microcircuit exemplified by the prefrontal cortex. Since mental disorders primarily implicate cognitive-type brain systems such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than early sensory systems, progress in this area holds the promise for a new approach to psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. I will review experimental and computational ...

I will first introduce the concept of “cognitive-type” cortical microcircuit exemplified by the prefrontal cortex. Since mental disorders primarily implicate cognitive-type brain systems such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than early sensory systems, progress in this area holds the promise for a new approach to psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. I will review experimental and computational ...

The redox systems in the lung are complex, highly intercommunicative, and affect diverse aspects of lung physiology, immunology and cellular biology, and for all intents and purposes, they are essentially unmeasurable in vivo. Measurement of one component species of the redox systems in isolation, for example nitric oxide (NO), leaves one with little insight into the remainder of the biochemica...