In the eye, prostaglandins (PGs), in particular PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, may induce vasodilation, disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier, and biphasic effects on intraocular pressure, depending on the species. The initial event leading to many of these physiologic responses is the interaction between the PG and a receptor. We have explored the specificity and selectivity of PGE2 receptors in bovin...

PURPOSE Our previous study demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE) attenuated uveitis by activating ocular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects on the ocular anterior segment of a topical administration of a DIZE solution and explored the downstream target molecules involved in the anti-inflammatory mec...

Abstract STAT3 is considered an oncogene in multiple human cancers. However, its direct involvement dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antitumor immunity and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains unknown. Here, we found that was constitutively activated DCs restrained DC function the tumor microenvironment (TME). Genetic ablation of resulted enhanced T immunity, thereby slowing down progression be...

Abstract Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have transformed the treatment landscapes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) constructed by cells restricts responsiveness ICB to a minority patients. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) counteracts inflammation and maintains metabolic fitness in cells. Single-cell RN...

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has brought hope to many cancer patients, but the response rate is low in types, and acquired resistance ICB can develop over time. Oncolytic viruses are promising therapeutic agents for advanced cancers. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) an attenuated, replication-deficient poxvirus safe human use, making it a favorable platform immunotherapy. Our fi...

Purpose To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of ripasudil, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, using endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. Methods Endotoxin-induced uveitis was induced by footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ripasudil was administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before and after LPS injection. The aqueous humor was collected 24 hours after injection, and the i...

PURPOSE To study the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance in a rat model of footpad injection endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS EIU was produced by footpad injection of 1 mg/kg LPS in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four experiments were undertaken in this study. First, on days 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 after LPS injection, the iris-ciliary body (ICB) was isolated. LPS tolerance-as...

Bioregenerative life support systems may be necessary for long-term space missions due to the high cost of lifting supplies and equipment into orbit. In this study, we investigated two biological wastewater treatment reactors designed to recover potable water for a spacefaring crew being tested at Johnson Space Center. The experiment (Lunar-Mars Life Support Test Project-Phase III) consisted of...

A discrete electrostatic/diffusion model has been developed to describe the selective permeation of ion channels, based on ionic Coulomb blockade (ICB) and quantised dehydration (QD). It has been applied to describe selectivity phenomena measured in the bacterial NaChBac sodium channel and some of its mutants. Site-directed mutagenesis and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique were used to inves...