water stress decrease water content and water potential between soil and root. therefore, water potential  of plant declines and plant faces with water stress. water stress in different stages of growth can be useful in different aspects. water stress can be practiced from two point of view, increasing water use efficiency (wue) and improving cultural practices. no irrigation in insensitive sta...

OBJECTIVE Burr-hole irrigation and burr-hole drainage without irrigation are the most popular methods for treatment of chronic subdural haematoma. It is not well known if irrigation is necessary or which method has a higher recurrence rate. We compared the recurrence rates of those two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two patients were treated by burr-hole irrigation (irrigation group), w...

1. The efficacy of whole bowel irrigation with a solution containing either polyethylene glycol (PEG) with electrolyte or an adsorbent (Kayexalate with a cathartic (sorbitol) was investigated in 18 dogs who had been given 250 mg kg-1 paraquat dichloride via a jejunal tube to eliminate the influence of gastric absorption. 2. Plasma paraquat concentrations 2 and 3 h after the initiation of bowel ...

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after an operative procedure. A preventable complication, they are costly and associated with poorer patient outcomes, increased mortality, morbidity and reoperation rates. Surgical wound irrigation is an intraoperative technique, which may reduce the rate of SSIs through removal of dead or damaged tissue, metabolic wast...

Although the term precision irrigation is now quite widely used, often to mean drip irrigation, there is no commonly accepted definition or conceptualisation of the term, and no cohesive framework to guide research, development or adoption. This paper is reporting on a review of precision irrigation funded by NPSI. This review is considering the role of current irrigation application technologi...

BACKGROUND Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) for combat wounds is controversial. Current military practice favors its use, despite scant supporting evidence. OBJECTIVE To analyze outcomes of combat casualties returned to duty after initial wound care for penetrating trauma, comparing infection rates based on whether SAP was administered and whether wounds were irrigated. SETTING Forward...

PURPOSE The efficacy of antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis is controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of amoxicillin with nasal irrigation and nasal irrigation alone for acute sinusitis in children. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, controlled study included 80 children aged 4-15 years with a clinical presentation of acute sinusitis. Patients were randomly assigned ...

Various irrigation regimes were applied to NC0376 over five years of low rainfall (average 466 mm per annum). Cane yield increased, depending on amount of water applied, from 84 to 122 t/ha. There was no significant effect on quality. The lowest application of 660 mm of irrigation produced 69% of the yield produced by the standard (full) irrigation (1 520 mm) at 12 months of age. There were no ...

Our goal is to produce the best reconstructions of an image given a noisy input image I0. We write any possible reconstruction of the image as a random vector I of pixel values. The best reconstruction is the one that maximizes the posterior probability p(I|I0) = p(I0|I) p(I) (1) This posterior probability is constructed as a Markov Random Field (MRF). More specifically, the random variable I =...

Crop production is a process of multiple inputs (water and nutrients, etc.), and the relationships between the inputs and crop yield are very complex. This study used a model for data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation-fertilization schemes for winter wheat in North China. The field experiments were conducted at the Xiaohe Irrigation Experiment Station in Centra...